Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children, 2015

Child abuse in America is an ongoing problem and something take to be make. There are approximately one million children abused annually in the United States. (Table 339) Cases of child abuse and neglect are account every ten seconds, and researchers believe that theres three times that amount that goes unnoticed. (Child Abuse Know the Signs and Stop the Violence Against Children.) Something needs to be done for these children who are too weak and too powerless to help themselves.Children who give up been abused are left with more than just physical scars. They have some(prenominal) psychological, emotional, and behavi viva problems as well. Their social lives are affected dramatically, and they suffer lifelong effects. (Lambert) Children tend to be emotionally disturbed years after the abuse, many have IQ scores lower than average, and some have even been classified as mentally retarded. Children who have been abused also show signs of personality and neurologic changes. (Oate s 119) Sexual abuse has been linked to nightmares, bed wetting, sadness, clinging behavior, and anxiety. Children also showed more aggressive and anti-social behaviors. (Oates 127) Adults who were sexually abused are more prone to depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and drug or alcohol problems. (Oates 132-133) Studies show overwhelming evidence of the effects abuse can have on a child, and the way the effects continue into their adult lives. (Oates 135) spoken communication is dramatically affected from abuse and neglect. Over one third of physically abused children have language delays. (Oates 119) All aspects of language are affected. Written and oral language is affected. The area that children tend to exhibit the most difficulties with is pragmatics. They tend to be l... ...g/topics/humanserv/child_abuse/Layman, Richard. Child Abuse. Detroit, MI Omnigraphics Inc., 1991.Moses MD, Scott . Child Abuse. Family Practice Notebook. 08 Sept 2007. Web. 18 Oct 2014. .Oates, R. Kim. The Spectrum of Child Abuse. 8. unexampled York Brunner/Mazel Inc., 1996.Palusci MD, MS, Vincent J.. Shaken Baby/Shaken Impact Syndrome. Kids Health For Parents. August 2004. Nemours Foundation. Web. 18 Oct 2014. http//www.kidshealth.org/parent/medical/brain/shaken.htmlSantrock, John W. Educational Phycology. Third. New York McGraw-Hill, 2008.Lambert, Regina. Personal interview. Web. 13 Oct 2014. Table 339. Child Abuse and Neglect Cases Substantiated and IndicatedVictim Characteristics 2000 to 2008 Census Web. 18 Oct 2014. https//www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/tables/11s0339.pdf

Gandhi and Comparative Religion Essays -- God Spirituality Papers

Gandhi and Comparative ReligionMahatma Gandhi was deeply interested in the comparative degree study of religions since the days of his youth. His interest in religious matters was due to the background of India, which was saturated with religious ideas and spirituality. Religion, to Gandhi, was not a matter of individual experience Gandhi free-base God within creation. The meaning of the intelligence Dharma is religion in India. This is a comprehensive term which embraces all of humanity. Gandhi referred to God as Truth, which has great significance. His mission was not alone to humanize religion, but also to sermonize it. Gandhis interpretation of Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity made his religion a federation of different religious faiths. His views on proselytization are also include in the paper. The comparative study of religions has neer been merely an academic concern for Mahatma Gandhi, the great Hindu spiritualist and leader. Since the days of his youth he has been exi stentially in the hunt club of such studies as has been evident from his illustrious book The story of my experiments with truth.India is a country where people are predominantly religious. Religion and spirituality are heavily rooted in the minds of the Indian people. somewhat countries are well know for their political institutions, others for their economic prosperity while some others for their social advancement. India is well known for her philosophy and religion. According to Max stamp the study of religion is incomplete unless it is studied with reference to India. To quote him, Take religion and where can you study its true up origin, its natural growth, and its inevitable decay break away than in India, the home of Brahmanism, the birth place of Buddhism and... ...cipate in transforming the human society on its journey towards the Divine Being.Gandhi has been killed. physically he is no more with us. but his spirit lives amidst us and within us, with all its glory than ever before.Notes(1) Prof Max Muller, India what can it teach us. P.13.(2) H.G. rise up A short history of the world. P.154.(3) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 5.3.1925.(4) M.K. Gandhi, Harijan , December 1936.(5) Bhagavadgita dude (vi). 30.(6) M.K. Gandhi, Young India 6.10.1931.(7) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 1.10.1935.(8) A.K. Ahluwalia Facts of Gandhi. P.133.(9) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 10.7.1924.(10) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 10.7.1924.(11) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 13.12.1931.(12) M.K. Gandhi, In search of the Supreme Vol III P.83.(13) Complete works of Swami Vivekananda Vol I. P.24. Gandhi and Comparative Religion Essays -- God Spirituality PapersGandhi and Comparative ReligionMahatma Gandhi was deeply interested in the comparative study of religions since the days of his youth. His interest in religious matters was due to the background of India, which was saturated with religious ideas and spirituality. Religion, to Gandhi, was not a matter of individual ex perience Gandhi found God within creation. The meaning of the word Dharma is religion in India. This is a comprehensive term which embraces all of humanity. Gandhi referred to God as Truth, which has great significance. His mission was not only to humanize religion, but also to moralize it. Gandhis interpretation of Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity made his religion a federation of different religious faiths. His views on proselytization are also included in the paper. The comparative study of religions has never been merely an academic concern for Mahatma Gandhi, the great Hindu spiritualist and leader. Since the days of his youth he has been existentially in the search of such studies as has been evident from his famous book The story of my experiments with truth.India is a country where people are predominantly religious. Religion and spirituality are firmly rooted in the minds of the Indian people. Some countries are well known for their political institutions, others for thei r economic prosperity while some others for their social advancement. India is well known for her philosophy and religion. According to Max Muller the study of religion is incomplete unless it is studied with reference to India. To quote him, Take religion and where can you study its true origin, its natural growth, and its inevitable decay better than in India, the home of Brahmanism, the birth place of Buddhism and... ...cipate in transforming the human society on its journey towards the Divine Being.Gandhi has been killed. Physically he is no more with us. But his spirit lives amidst us and within us, with all its glory than ever before.Notes(1) Prof Max Muller, India what can it teach us. P.13.(2) H.G. Wells A short history of the world. P.154.(3) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 5.3.1925.(4) M.K. Gandhi, Harijan , December 1936.(5) Bhagavadgita Chap (vi). 30.(6) M.K. Gandhi, Young India 6.10.1931.(7) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 1.10.1935.(8) A.K. Ahluwalia Facts of Gandhi. P.133.(9) M .K. Gandhi, Young India, 10.7.1924.(10) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 10.7.1924.(11) M.K. Gandhi, Young India, 13.12.1931.(12) M.K. Gandhi, In search of the Supreme Vol III P.83.(13) Complete works of Swami Vivekananda Vol I. P.24.

The Nature of Contracts in The Merchant of Venice Essays -- Merchant o

The Nature of Contracts in The merchandiser of VeniceIn Shakespe atomic number 18s bid The Merchant of Venice there are two major contracts made, a contract is any promise or set of promises made by one party to another for the breach of which the law of nature provides a remedy. The promise or promises may be express (either create verbally or oral) or may be implied from circumstances. The first contract in the play that I discovered is one between Portia and her convey. Nerissa telling Portia Your father was eer virtuous and holy men at their death have good inspirations because the lottery, that he hath devised in these triad chests of gold, silver and lead, whereof who chooses his meaning chooses you, will, no doubt, neer be chosen by any justly but one who shall rightly love. But what warmth is there in your affection towards any of these wonderful suitors that are already come? (Act i. scene i. 121-768)The nature of the contract between Portia and her father is as f ollows, Portias father states that all suitors must first select on of three caskets in order to marry her. The caskets are made of gold, silver, and base lead, all containing different messages. Only one of the three caske... The Nature of Contracts in The Merchant of Venice Essays -- Merchant oThe Nature of Contracts in The Merchant of VeniceIn Shakespeares play The Merchant of Venice there are two major contracts made, a contract is any promise or set of promises made by one party to another for the breach of which the law provides a remedy. The promise or promises may be express (either written or oral) or may be implied from circumstances. The first contract in the play that I discovered is one between Portia and her father. Nerissa telling Portia Your father was ever virtuous and holy men at their death have good inspirations therefore the lottery, that he hath devised in these three chests of gold, silver and lead, whereof who chooses his meaning chooses you, will, no doubt, never be chosen by any rightly but one who shall rightly love. But what warmth is there in your affection towards any of these princely suitors that are already come? (Act i. scene i. 121-768)The nature of the contract between Portia and her father is as follows, Portias father states that all suitors must first select on of three caskets in order to marry her. The caskets are made of gold, silver, and base lead, all containing different messages. Only one of the three caske...

Transcendentalism: The Philosophy Of The Mind Essay -- essays researc

Transcendentalism The Philosophy of the Mind     Transcendentalism is the view that the basic truth of the universe liesbeyond the knowledge obtained from the senses, a knowledge thattranscendentalists regard as the mere appearance of things (Adventures 162).Transcendentalists believe the straits is where ideas are formed. Thetranscendentalist ideas of God, man, and the universe were not all original, butwere a combination of other philosophies and religions.     One of the major questions of doctrine is "What is the nature of theuniverse?" Immanuel Kant was one of the major Transcendentalists of his time.One of the major questions he asked was, "What is knowledge, and how is itpossible?" Transcendentalists believe that one really only knows personalexperiences, and that one puke not know the universe which exists. Kant came tothe conclusion that there are two universes, one of experience, called the"Phenomenal Universe&q uot, and the other the "Noumenal Universe", the one of reason.The first is scientific and the other practical (Frost 42). Transcendentaliststhink there is a dimension of depth in everything that exists. They also thinkthe spirit is what controls your physical side (Halverson 431). Sometranscendentalists register the humanness has no beginning in time, everything takesplace according to the laws of nature. The same people think there is notnecessarily an absolute Being who causes the world to be (Frost 42).Transcendentalists think nature is a product of the mind, and without the mindnature would not exist (Santayana 42). These ideas come from the Romantictraditions which originated in England. The Romantics believed in spiritual whiz of all forms of being, with God, humanity, and nature sharing a universalsoul (Adventures 208).     Transcendentalists came to the conclusion that good and evil were thingsonly man could control. Their belief of man is that man is get around of the universeof objects and things. His knowledge is confined to ideas. He is able toreason, and he slew form ideas of the outer world of God, freedom, andimmortality (Frost 53). Immanuel Kant said, "Always act in such a way that themaxim determining your conduct might as well become a universal law act asthough you can will that everybody sh... ... a bowl with many crevices and depressions in its contour. Whenone pours water into the bowl, it takes the shape of the bowl, filling all thecrevices. In the same way the environment pours impressions into the mind andthey are received by the mind and shaped according to the nature of this mind(Frost 257). Some transcendentalists think all minds are alike. They say allminds stick out certain categories such as totality, unity, plurality, and reality.Transcendentalists believe knowledge is limited to the combined role ofsensibility and understanding, both of which are concerned with sense andexperience, though i n different ways (Hakim 98). They also think knowledge isuniversal (Frost 258). Some transcendentalists think the ideas are of the mindand cannot be applied to a world immaterial of the mind. They believe ideas are aresult of the kind of thinking organ which people have, and are determined byits nature.     Transcendentalism is a combination of beliefs, most of which are fromother religions and other people and their philosophies. It is a belief thatthere is another way knowledge is obtained, not only from the senses, but alsofrom the mind.

Enders Game :: essays research papers

Orson Scott Card weaves an intricate tale of a boy who is born to save the Earth in the novel, Enders Game. Ender Wiggin is born a Third in a world where only two children are allowed per family. Enders older brother and sister, dickhead and Valentine, were non what the government needed to save the world, so Ender was born in hopes that he would be somewhere in the middle of their extremes. Peter is too violent, whereas Valentine has too ofttimes empathy. Ender is the right combination for the Battle Schools needs. Although both Ender and Peter have antecedent, only Ender has respect both boys are instinctive killers, but Peter relishes the act while Ender regrets the act after he does it Both boys become heroes, but both will not remain heroes when the historians begin to take the events.Although Peter and Ender both have power over other people, the means of obtaining the power and the way each boy uses his power is different. Peter obtains power by terrifying people. Everyo ne knows he is capable of cold-blooded murder, so they do as he says because it is in their own best interest. Also, he has the power of influence on the nets (networks similar to the internet), which he uses to sway the public. Once Peter has gained power, he uses the power to benefit himself. He uses people as pawns to accomplish what he wantsto rule the world. Ender, however, gains his power by simply being superior at all the games. He becomes commander of an army, but doesnt use the army to gain anything for himself, except to be number one in the standings. He makes the people in his command better soldiers by teaching them what he knows. He allows the toon leaders to make decisions in battles, so that the whole army doesnt rely on him, entirely. Both Peter and Ender kill throughout the novel. Peter kills innocent squirrels and animals. He threatens to kill Ender and Valentine if they do not do as he says. It is quite clear that he enjoys these activities. He shows no remorse for the dead animals he leaves in his wake. Ender, however, kills out of defence and feels great remorse. He never intends to kill anyone that he kills. All the deaths he inflicts are accidental, yet justified at the same time.

Enders Game :: essays research papers

Orson Scott Card weaves an intricate tale of a boy who is born to save the orb in the novel, Enders Game. Ender Wiggin is born a Third in a world where only two children are allowed per family. Enders older brother and sister, ray and Valentine, were not what the government needed to save the world, so Ender was born in hopes that he would be somewhere in the middle of their extremes. Peter is as well violent, whereas Valentine has too much empathy. Ender is the right combination for the Battle Schools needs. Although both Ender and Peter have motive, only Ender has respect both boys are instinctive eaters, but Peter relishes the act while Ender regrets the act after he does it Both boys become heroes, but both will not remain heroes when the historians let to examine the events.Although Peter and Ender both have power over other people, the means of obtaining the power and the way each boy uses his power is different. Peter obtains power by terrifying people. Everyone knows h e is capable of cold-blooded murder, so they do as he says because it is in their own best interest. Also, he has the power of go on the nets (networks similar to the internet), which he uses to sway the public. Once Peter has gained power, he uses the power to benefit himself. He uses people as pawns to accomplish what he wantsto predominate the world. Ender, however, gains his power by simply being superior at all the games. He becomes commander of an army, but doesnt use the army to gain anything for himself, withdraw to be number one in the standings. He pick pop outs the people in his command better soldiers by teaching them what he knows. He allows the toon leaders to make decisions in battles, so that the whole army doesnt rely on him, entirely. Both Peter and Ender kill throughout the novel. Peter kills innocent squirrels and animals. He threatens to kill Ender and Valentine if they do not do as he says. It is quite clear that he enjoys these activities. He shows no rem orse for the dead animals he leaves in his wake. Ender, however, kills out of defense and feels great remorse. He never intends to kill anyone that he kills. All the deaths he inflicts are accidental, yet justified at the same time.

Arkansas Expedition of de Soto and de La Salle

The respective pleasure trips of Ren Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de La Salle and Hernando de Soto have grown interests both from archeologists and historians. Their expeditions in Arkansas region have found significance in the history of the region and the people, and the possible influences and the impacts to the locals and their countries alike. The succeeding two paragraphs will deal with their expeditions.Hernando de Soto, with the hope of finding capital, silver and other valuable treasures, led an expedition of 600 to 700 hands, 24 priests, 9 ships and 220 horses. On May of 1539, the group landed on the western coast of Florida. The place was named Espiritu Santo that is now Bradenton, Florida. The exact route of the expedition is still chthonian discussion. It was agreed by many that the expedition ran west-northwest crossing Mississippi, Arkansas and Oklahoma until Texas. Though others suggested a northern route crossing Kentucky and Indiana to the Great Lakes.In acrimony the uncertainty, the most accepted get hold of of the route of the de Soto expedition was from the year 1939 from an anthropologist John R. Swanton (Wikipedia). Swantons theory relied largely on the four surviving accounts of the expedition, on study of the terrain over which the army marched, and on the meager archeological information that was available at that time (Mitchem 2000). As a prcis, from Espiritu Santo the de Soto expedition progressed to Florida and Southern U. S. where they brutally ran sacked the villages.Joined by the interpreters Juan Ortiz and Perico they reached Anhaica, capital of Apalachee, which presently located near downtown of Tallahassee, Florida, The expedition continued to the Eastern Appalachian Mountains and crossed what were now Georgia, South and northeasterly Carolina and Tenesse. In search for the famous treasure of the tribe Cofitachequi and accompanied by the rival tribe Ocute, they reached what is now Columbia, South Carol ina. The said famous treasure of gold turned out to be copper. In dismay, they took everything and destroyed the village. They thus crossed Carolinas, Georgia and Alabama.In the city of Mauvila (or Mabila), the Choctaw tribe ambushed the group where they were wounded and lose some men and possessions. On May 8, 1541, they reached the Mississippi River and traveled westward to Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. They fought with Tula tribe in Caddo River and lose everything. On May 21, 1542, de Soto died in Guachoya (near present McArthur, Arkansas). The expedition was then aborted (Wikipedia). Robert de La Salles expedition was separated into two parts. First, when he led only 23 Frenchmen and 18 Native Americans on Mississippi River on 1682. He marked and claimed what is now Venice, Lousiana as a France territory.De La Salle returned to France and prepared for a return expedition to establish a French colony. He led three hundred colonists and 4 ships. On the way, they lost 2 ships and 1 ship ran aground. They reached Fort Saint Louis of Texas and headed eastward to locate the Mississippi. It was in 1687 that de La Salle was murdered near the set of now Navasota, Texas by uprising followers. His colony lasted only until 1687 when Indians took it over (Wikipedia). The de Soto and de La Salle expeditions were made with different purposes. Though both their expeditions failed, the events that took place that led to their failure differed significantly.The records of the expedition contributed in large part to geographic, biological, and ethnologic knowledge in Europe. The de Soto expeditions descriptions of the North American natives are the earliest known source of knowledge on the societies in the southeastern North Americas (Wikipedia). While The encroachment of La Salle and other representatives of French interests into the Spanish claimed territory of Texas, led Spain to establish a fort, Presidio La Bahia (Goliad, Texas), in 1721, at the site of the remains o f Fort Saint Louis (Wikipedia).

Project Management Student

Table of contents Contents page payoff Executive summary entree Problem identification Case analysis Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Conclusion and Recommendations Bibliography EXECUTIVE compendium Polk County is a scarcely populated County in the state. The roads ar in a very misfortunate condition and the Transportation Department supervisor, JR has been tasked to manage totally the tierce devises * The entrance to the Big Johns superstore ELK Mountain road * Bridge on County road 1045 The writer allow analyse the case, rate the alternatives and propose a solution for the case that would benefit the Polk County Transportation Department to execute their stands effectively. Various models and literature will be theatrical roled to motivate the assertions. intromission Polk County is the largest county in the state it is g everywherened by three-member Board of commissi oners Harold, Richardson and Thomas.The state faces a challenge of delivering critical dates which impress improvements to the local roads which at the current state adjudge put the local residents as well as tourists at risk because they atomic number 18 dilapidated, worn bulge and inadequate for purpose generally being serious for use. This challenge is due to many frames competing over limited resources. The three draws are * The entrance to Big Johns Superstore * Elk Mountain road Crockett creek bridge on the country road 1045 near prison The reasecher will analyse the case evaluate it, systematically prioritise the steps to be interpreted on the approach to successfully propose a solution which will benefit the Transportation Department, Polk municipality and ultimately the partnership at large. Various haplessfalls are unmistakable in the current Polk county municipality. The researcher will discuss them in depth with reference to unlike models and literatures as well as assumptions to back up the recommendations, downstairs are the place shortfal ls * No poor project office Funds are very limited to kick start projects that would add rate to the community and improve their safety. * The tax is minimal to sustain the developments * Insuffient or no fundraising initiatives * High rate of crime As depicted on the case, there are three projects at hand and below is the gathered information on each project. Body governing the county The following individuals comprise the Polk County administration team NAME destination/ STATUS Thomas Commissioner retired Herald Commissioner retiredRichardson commissioner JR Supervisor- Transport Department Joe Former head of Transport Department Unnamed Current Senator Zachary Transport Department intern (civil engineering) pop 1 THE ENTRANCE TO THE BIG JOHNs SUPERSTORE * It is off a two highway high at the base of the hill * It is difficult for cars travelling in the opposite focussing until they come over the crest * This makes it difficult for the cars turning left into the store and those pulling out of the parking lot. * A number of accidents confound occurred The number of cars travelling on the road has increased over the last three historic period since the store opened * Several residents have embossed concerns at the commissioners meetings in the past * JR had approached the store passenger car about helping to pay for road improvements to widen the roads to add a turning lane or install a traffic light. * The film director replied that they are barely making any profit and if they do non make profit embodied headquarters will close it down and a lot of plenty will lose their jobs thus they screw non afford to assist * Many people go to the store because there are no other shopping malls in the countyPROJECT 2 WIDENING AND REPAIR OF ELK MOUNTAIN ROAD IN THE north PART OF THE COUNTY * The winters have taken their toll on the road and left it with large deep potholes * The increase in unemployment in the county has led to an increase in independen t loggers using the road to bring logs from Elk Mountain to several saw mills, including Ye Olde Saw mill in the adjacent county. The lack of repair over the years and the heavy trucks are causing the road to deteriorate even faster Both commissioners, Thomas and Richardson have seen the worsening condition of the road they use it frequently to go hunting and fishing on ELK Mountain. * Each has received an earful of complaints from friends who use the road. * Zachary also knows how bad the road is from personal witness as he was nearly sideswiped by the logging truck and was forced off the resulting in his cars low hanging tail pipe up and muffler ripped off as he hit a large pothole.PROJECT 3 CROCKETT CREEK BRIDGE ON COUNTY ROAD 1045 NEAR THE PRISON * It is the important road to the state correctional Institution in the south western past of the county. * The bridge barely passed the last state inspection four years ago. * Each spring during the winter thaw Crockett Creek threa tens to wash the bridge. * If the bridge is washed out or closed, the detour would be nearly 15 miles for people who work at the prison. * The largest employer in the county is the state correctional institution for female offenders located in the south western part of the county.A project is an endeavour to litigate a specific objective by a unique set of interrelated tasks and the effective utilisation of resources (Clement and Gido, 2012 4) It has a clear objective of what is to be double-dyed(a) and this is usually defined in the form of deliverable, schedule and budget. A project utilises dissimilar resources to carry out interdependent task that need to be concluded in a certain sequence in order to achieve a project objective within a specific time frame. A project has a sponsor who provides the silver necessary to accomplish the project.A project usually has challenges because it is constrained by many factors including scope, quality budget and risks. 1. SITUATION ps ychoanalysis 1. 1. NO PROPER PROJECT OFFICE Polk County is the largest county in the state with a shallow structure of Authority. This is evident as the line of command is very short from the top, senator, commissioner to bottom lower management this could be of advantage as there is rapid communication hence close interactions and therefore easy delivery of organisational / municipality goals strategy. JR is the supervisor for the county Transportation Department.The case states that county roads have progressively deteriorated and several critical projects need to be done. He works with his summer intern Zachary and is concerned that if the does not present a good case for the at least one of the project, then the commissioners probably would not fund any of the project. It is evident that JR is struggling as he cannot apply himself explicitly on the tasks at hand as he lack the skills, methodologies that would easily aid to address the projects smoothly, this therefore calls for the introduction of project management office in the municipality 1. 2PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE jump out management is defined by the PMBOK as. the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques in order to meet stakeholders needs and chance from a project. (Burke, 2011 18) 1. 3GENERIC ROLES OF A PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE 1. 3. 1The project management offices aim is to link individual project to the organisations dynamic strategic intent through a focuse discipline of project management. 1. 3. 2The project management office is established to act as bridge over and reporting channel between projects and senior management without removing the accountability or authority of project managers. . 3. 4The project management office provides top management with a consolidated view on all projects within the organisation and thus assists top management in ensuring that all projects are aligned with the strategic direction of the organisation. 1. 3. 5The project management office wi ll provide value-added assistance to all its identified customers in the organisation. 1. 3. 6The project management office will enable instigate and facilitate project disciplines with a * A project life cycle Programme/project management * check management training * Prioritisation support * throw start-up workshops and project administration With the budget situation JR is worried that none of the projects may get done, the case reads, this emphasises how the department is monetaryly constrained and several projects are competing over this limited bullion. The project management office is equipped with tools and techniques which provide a systematic approach on every project. The PMBOK states .Because projects are unique and involve a certain degree of risk, companies performing projects will generally subdivide their project into several project arranges to provide better management control. Collectively these project builds are called the project lifecycle. (Burke, 2011 40) The general project life cycle has four phases * Concept or initiation phase * Design or planning phase * Implementation or performing phase * Commissioning and handover or conclusion phase In the initiating phase, projects are identified and selected. They are then authorised using a document referred to as a project charter.The planning phase includes defining the project scope, identifying resources developing a schedule and budget and identifying risks all of which makes up a baseline plan for doing the project work. In the performing phase the plan is executed and work tasks are carried out to produce all the project deliverables and to accomplish the project objective. During this phase the project progress is monitored and controlled to assure the work re main(prenominal)s on schedule and within budget, the scope is fully completed tally to specifications and all the deliverables meet the acceptance criteria.Also any changes need to be documented, approved and incorpora ted into an updated baseline plan if necessary. In the closing phase the project ratings are conducted lessons learned are identified and documented to help improve performance on future projects and project document are organised and archived. (Clement and Gido, 2012 9) Phases in a project lifecycle are interrelated which means the previous phase should be successfully completed before progressing to the next phase.In this particular case, JR, the supervisor at a Transportation Department is struggling to make a selection on a project to perform first since there are limited funds. The main focus of this case is based on the initiation phase of the project lifecycle and because of the interrelation of the phases it has to be successfully completed to move forward to the next phase of project. The initiation phase of the project lifecycle starts with recognising a need, problem or opportunity for which the project or projects are identified to address.Projects are identified in var ious ways during an organisation strategic planning, as part of its normal operations, in a response to unexpected events or as a group of individuals deciding to organise a project to address a particular need. It is important to try to quantify the need to help evaluate whether the expected benefits from implementing a project outweigh the costs or consequences of conducting the project. Once the magnitude and the expected benefit or improvement has been estimated the cost for a project to implement the improvement. The transportation epartment of Polk County identified several needs but have limited funds and people available to pursue the projects to address those identified needs. In this case the department essentialiness go through a decision making process to prioritise and select the project that will result in the greatest overall benefit. Project selection is making a commitment for the future. The execution of a project will tie up the company resources and as an oppor tunity cost, the selection of one project may preclude your company from pursuing another (perhaps more profitable) project.We live in a world of finite resources and so cannot carry out all the projects we may want or need. consequently a process is required to select and rank projects on the basis of their beneficial change to a company. (Burke, 2011 66). The steps in the project selection process include * develop a set of criteria against which the project will be evaluated * list assumptions that will be used on the basis of each project * Gather data and information for each project to help ensure an intelligent decision regarding project selection.Methods of gathering this information could include surveys, focus groups, interviews or analysis of available reports * Evaluate each project against criteria. Once all the data and information have been collected analysed and summarised for each potential project it should be given to all the people responsible for performing the evaluation. It is beneficial to the have several individuals in the evaluation and selection process in order to get various viewpoints.Each person on the evaluation and selection committee should have a different play down and experience to bring to the decision making process, (Clement and Gido, 201235) emphasises that although it may take longer and be more stressful to gain group consensus on projects priorities and selections it will close likely be a better quality decision than if the decision is made by just one individual. The committee may develop a set of evaluation criteria with some type of rating system (such as Low-Medium-High, 1 to 5) against which to rate each potential project against each criterion.Various models can be used in project selection. The main purpose of these models is to aid decision making leading to project selection. The models include * Numeric models * Non- numerical models A numeric model is usually fiscally focused and quantifies the proje ct in terms of time to repay the investment or return on investment date non-numeric models look at a much wider view of the project considering items such as market share, relocation or environmental issues. Most importantly the models must evaluate projects by how well they meet the companys strategic goals and corporate mission. 2.NUMERIC MODELS The numeric selection models may be subdivided into financial models and scoring models. The financial models are * Payback period * Return on investment * Net present value * Internal rate of return Companies tend to prefer financial models and often select solely on profitability. 2. 1 win MODELS The numeric models mostly have common limitation, they only look at the financial element of the project. In an hear to broaden the selection criteria, (Burke, 201179) suggest a scoring model called the factor model, which uses multiple criteria to evaluate the project will be introduced.The factor model apparently lists a number of desirabl e factors on a project selection pro-forma along with columns to show the rating of each factor. A weighted column can be added to increase the score of important factors while reducing the scoring of the less important. The advantages of using a scoring model are * It encourages objectivity in decision making * It uses multiple selection criteria to widen the range of evaluation * It uses the simple structure therefore easy to use It uses selection factors structured by senior management, this implies that they reflect the companys goal and objectives * It makes it easy to change factors. * It uses weighted scoring to reflect the factors differential importance * It is not biased towards short run projects favoured by financial models. * It is a weighted model which can also be used as a ease off to improve projects by identifying the variance between the factor score and the maximum possible score The disadvantages of using a scoring model are If the factors are not weighted they will all equal importance * A simple model may encourage the developments of long lists that could introduce trivia factors and therefore waste management time. Assuming that the county Transportation Department has a budget of hundred million pula (P100000) to allocate over the three project the researcher has used a scoring model to score some desirable factors on each project. This analysis and evaluation determines which project is critical and assist the project manager to prioritise effectively on which project to perform first followed by others.The figure below shows the factor scoring model for a county Transportation Department. SCORING FACTOR MODEL PROPOSED SOLUTION FACTORS PROJECT 1 PROJECT 2 PROJECT 3 1. BENEFITS 8 9 9 alignment to organisation strategy, mission, visions, set 4 4 4 impact (organisational Department County) 4 5 5 2. COSTS 4 6 8 budget (impact on budget) 2 3 4 expenditure 2 3 4 3. TIME 7 6 7 delivery(how long will it take to deliver value to the community 4 3 3 start- up (when can the project start) 3 3 4 4. RISKS 5 7 9 safety and wellness (stakeholder and community 3 4 5 environment 2 3 4 5 RESOURCES 7 7 8 capacity (at your disposal) 4 4 4 availability 3 3 4 6. STAKEHOLDERS 5 6 9 commitment 2 3 4 reputation 3 3 5 TOTAL 36 41 50 PERCENTAGE 60 68. 33 83. 33 Key 5= very good weighting 4= good 0-40% low priority 3=fair 41-60% average priority 2= poor 61- 80% high priority 1= very poor 81- 100%very high priorityA priority list of projects from the model depicts Crockett Creek Bridge on road 1045 will progress under the current budget, if plenty funds will be secured. ELK mountain road will follow then lastly the entrance to the Big Johns superstore. Therefore the researcher recommends that the county Transport Department should adopt the project management approach by introducing a project management office. The project management office will be merged into the current county municipality opening structure to u ndertake all the projects across all departments with expertise.A project will be allocated a project manager and through his knowledge and skills. A methodological approach of project management will be applied. From project initiation phase are identified and selected through planning phase which involves defining the project scope, identifying resources, developing a schedule and budget and identifying resources development risks to the performing phase whereby the plan is execute and finally the closing phase/ project handover where the project lifecycle terminates.This methodological approach would be suitable for Polk County Transportation Department as projects would be executed effectively and effectively. To generate funds for the county, the commissioners can come up with initiatives like introducing road levy, introducing toll gates as well as adjusting tax higher so as to memorize funds for local developments. The crime rate is also igh as the case states that the large st employer is the state correctional institution for female offender, therefore prison as an offenders renewal centre with skills they acquire during their serving period, prisoners can produce goods that can be sold to the local community to generate funds which could assist with the developments. CONCLUSION Polk County faces a problem of under development or road improvement because of limited funds. Multiple projects have been identified to address the current situation, besides the limited funds inadequate skills and lack of proper facilities have been identified.The writer analysed the case, quantified case data, evaluated it and suggests that introduction of project management office in the Polk county municipality would highly benefit the organisation as a proper systematic methodology of project management will be used to tackle and manage all projects effectively and also various fund raising initiatives will be implemented to raise money for the local government for devel opments. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Burke, R. 2011, Project Management Techniques, ( College Edition), China, Burke Publishing 2. Clements, J. P. and Gido J. 2012 Effective Project Management Fifth Edition, Canada. Joe Sabatino

Ratio Analysis Memo Essay

The following memo will explain the findings of the financial statement analysis for 2008 for plucks Bug Blasters as strong as offer advice significant decreases in lucres or increases in liabilities if they apply.Some quick facts Liquidity is up for 2008Current ratio shows we pay assets 5.99 time for every current liability, an increase of 62% from 2007 Significant liquidity ratio decrease in 2008 was in inventory turn all over Inventory tuning over 6.67 times per year, down 42% from 2007 Berrys Bug Blasters inventory turnover is affecting the profits. The profitability ratios decreased with the stockholders equity decreasing the most by 56%. The touch on expense for 2007 and 2008 has been eliminated. Berrys Bug Blasters total debt was decreased to assets by 24% in 2007 to 16%, the companys repress now shows solvency. In order to determine if a company will meet short term debt obligations liquid ratios ar practice sessiond by furrowes and investors. Berrys Bug Blasters has proven short term obligations 5.99 times to 1 liability. At the point when an owner or investor evaluates an organizations liquidity ratios, they are utilizing data from the Balance Sheet to evaluate if an organization has the assets and the ability to pay off short term liabilities. Berrys Bug Blasters have met the mark. Stakeholders use profitability ratios to pick up understanding on the adequacy or sufficiency of an organizations profits.Loaning organizations and investors will utilize profitability ratios to support focus the conceivable financial related profits for the investment into that particular organization. Administration inner(a) of an organization can use profitability ratios to issue territories inside of the organization and make any vital enhancements to enhance execution in those areas. The accompanying attachments will demonstrate that we have decreased in the amount of profit margin. This decrease demonstrates that business has hindered in 2008. Berrys Bug B laster may need to look over marketingmethodologies to produce more business in the impending year. Solvency ratios are for the most part utilized by long term lenders and stakeholders. Both clients are utilizing solvency ratios to focus the long term fictional character and survival of an organization.Long term monetary quality of an organization is essential to these clients to demonstrate that an organization will have the capacity to pay off debt and increase interest of a mature debt. Berrys Bug Blasters has made a decent showing of decreasing the measure of amount of total debt to assets. slackly speaking, Berrys Bug Blasters is in great financial health in correlation to others in the business. An intercompany near analysis was performed utilizing our organizations nearest traded on an assailable market contender, Rollins Inc. Like Berrys Bug Blasters, Rollins Inc. provides pest and termite control services to business and private customers.The Rollins Inc. SEC filed 10-K for the period ending 12/31/08, the attached ratio, horizontal and vertical analysis are the source documents for the data below. The profit margin is by far the most valuable chronicle aspect for any company. Berrys Bug Blasters has doubled the profit margin (16%) other than Rollins Inc. (6.6%) In regards to solvency, Berrys Bug Blasters incurred no interest expense while Rollins Inc. paid $761,000 interest expense. Another coarsely used profitability ratio used primarily by investors is the return on common stockholders equity. Berrys Bug Blasters and Rollins Inc. performed splendidly and tied at 30%. The ratio, horizontal, and vertical analysis performed managers, creditors, and investors can see that Berrys Bug Blasters frame competitive, and is a valuable investment. I hope you have gained further insight into the financial health of Berrys Bug Blasters.ReferencesWeygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D., & Kieso, D.E. (2010). Financial Accounting (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Son s.Apollo Group Virtual Organization. (2011). Berrys Bug Blasters. Retrieved fromhttps//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Berrys/index.asp on July 24, 2015.

Information Technology Management Essay

It is familiarly argued in the Information Systems literature that a major reason why organizations fail to exploit Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) supremacyfully is beca using up of the lack of coalition between the Information Strategy, the handicraft enterprise Strategy and the Organizational Strategy. The provisions according to nurture sytem literature correspond to the real happenings in the real world. According to Campbell David, 2004, technological advancement has been embraced throughout various aspects of billet, academics, finance and governance.The report addresses one key dower of breeding system that is considered as a challenge by organizations and business entities in the aspect of using information technology. The key value here is coalition between information, organization and business strategy. A major concern in this paper is to explain the term concretion in the context of information technology. The paper addresses reasons that ma ke alignment one of the key values organizations seek to achieve. In this first issue of alignment the major concern is roughly legal proceeding carried on in fiscal institutions.Information technology has been adopted in the recent past as a tool for executing and reviving business strategies in monetary institutions. The development of certain business strategies has been enhanced by consideration of values that correspond to alignment. Alignment is therefore, the capacity by a business much(prenominal) as a financial institution to demonstrate a strong positive relationship between latest information technologies and the generally accepted financial guidelines. It calls for customer satisfaction, market share and product innovations.These measures are all essentials in value and adopting such determines the stability and the outcome of a financial institution. Before alignment financial institution directs to assemble all available information technology and carry on with fe asibility study. This is because the effectiveness of a com set aparter straightforwardly depends on its capacity to improve or malign the organizational units. Factors to consider before alignment Planning- the original process has to be planned and agreed upon by the fill outrs of the financial institution.Auditors should also be involved in this exercise for audits, re-examinations and readjustments of the whole project. Relation to benefits alignment must be of benefit to the financial institution since it is a costly exercise. It is of no use to adopt latest technology if the problem is controllable by changing some management practises. This is according Culp Christopher, 2001. For example, out fixs like sugar and revenue do not call for information technology rather the size and organizational structure and number of staff that dictate the demand for redundant computers.Alignment must stick to its purposes to overcome all obstacles as resistance to change may come from ma ny sources including the employees and customers. Advantages of alignment The latest technologies such as client sever internet, data warehousing has positive implications which include first, incremental profit gains. Second, internal alignment in an organization remains a success factor in employees ability to perform effectively and become a cutting edge provider of value to customers. Third, alignment acts as business intelligence solutions for organization that alleviates in management and efficient customer satisfaction.For example, e-banking software where customers can access their bank accounts at home without necessarily going to the banking halls. Fourth, former(a) than saving beat it is also considered a secure method than transporting money to banks. Fifth, business intelligence solutions have been important aspects in financial institutions as they help to sort out effectively volumes of legal proceeding within a short period of time. For example, pay roll software that is able to calculate thousand of employees monthly dues, deductions and contributions irrespective of their earning rates within a mater of trices.Computers have also been used to solve complicated business calculations and at the same time update them accordingly. Take for example where a customer gets a loan from a financial institution either on a reducing delight rate. The software will auto calculate the interests based on the number of years the customer will take to clear plus the principal hail and at the same time store the information. Sixth, alignment reduces the amount of paperwork used in various departments especially in printing, faxing and laminations.This is because nowadays office memos and other information are shared online by use of internet between departments and even branches. Seven, alignment has played a key role in marketing and publicize new products through the internet. A customer can place an order and at the same time pay by transferring fund s from a financial institution to account of the seller effectively. Disadvantages Alignment is a very costly exercise to an enterprise like financial institution in terms of prices and employee provision as it calls for massive training. System change over might also be rejected by both the employees and the customers.Sometimes computers breakdown and will emphatically slow the process in financial institution slowing down the entire process. This leads to a massive loss and failure to satisfy customer wants. For example, slowing or breakdown of machines in a Forex bureau dealing with foreign exchange will loose sales since currency changes value every minute. Business alignment methods Nowadays, many business transactions are relying on an efficient IT support system. It is remarkable to note the improved professionalism and responsibility in corporate and practiced fields.Many companies and especially in the financial sector have invested massively in business IT and corpora te ICT. This is a very important development in creation of personal responsibility in terms of accountability, capability and commitment. However, with the changing technology certain changes are felt through continuous exercise which cannot be exploited. New machines have to be budgeted or the old ones have to be upgraded from time to time. To achieve this objective the following steps must be put into consideration. First, planning which calls for writ of execution of traditional IT alignment techniques seen by many as the CEOs work.A successful IT/business alignment calls for a much interactive approach or dialogue between the IT managers. They need to clarify what the business expects, what it delivers and how to allocate (Watson Gregory, 2005). This is achieved through prioritization and putting into considerations the rules that empower and govern the IT department. A second plan or consideration used to bring about alignment is that IT should track, adapt and modify busine ss level supporters. At the same time the use of information technology in financial institutions or any other entities should be done with a purpose of supporting appropriate support of services. some other method is proper management of technological systems which helps to achieve the desired results through a consolidated service support by IT staff. A system need to be put in place to monitor and manage urgent or critical business services. The system should prioritize service requests to enable service delivery at promised levels and also track business processes at certain levels. It is important to note that worth methods are usually required to effectively manage the IT infrastructure and implement changes.The chief executive officer and his or her managers need also to ensure that the set organization standards and expectations are met through proper implementation processes. Certain considerations such as model should be considered for purpose of implementing alignment an d information technologies (Selznick Philip, 1952). This involves mapping of IT assets and planning for resources that support services at critical times. It identifies the resources involve to be assembled to deliver IT services. This is done at agreeable service while at the same time reducing be.A second consideration is mensuration whereby the IT department should come up with methods of data collection and operational procedures all based on areas of functionality. According to Chester Arthur, 1994, the measurement methods should correspond with technology and be business oriented. In addition, the measures should ensure a more real time resource allocation decision. The consideration of various measurement principles gives an entity or enterprise the capacity to be given its duties fast. The methods applied by different entities in business alignment are deemed to measure up to set standards and cut down on costs.Alignment of costs and deliver of services through technolog ical application gives entities the capacity to run their operations in a more efficient manner. Validity of alignment as a goal The role played by ICTs is paramount and evident in real life applications in business and organizations. As a goal, alignment is seen to support productivity and new innovation across the entire world. ICT play a very important role on trade development. Application of information technology is also seen as a tool for infrastructure development.Recently, the world economic performance has improved leading to global growth as a result of embracing information systems. The economic growth is seen to have an impact in both developed and developing countries with some developing countries recording a remarkable growth (Danis Wade, 2006). Most countries have recorded a positive growth of the gross domestic product. In addition international markets trade and industrial production has been boosted through alignment. Economic development has led to a smooth glob al supply chains that broaden the market.A number of advantages arise as evidence that alignment is a valid consideration in the scope of information technology. First, ICT is used for research to provide an organization with basic information about how to improve on performance. Organizations consider putting in place certain measures necessary to acquire information from competitors (Daghfous Abdelkader, 2006). The acquired information is essential as it helps entities to achieve their goals. Second, in the current world of changes, it is important for every organization to consider evaluating measures that support alignment to out perform their competitors.Application of ICT by entities thus promotes a common understanding of how transactions are carried within organizations at low cost. It is a future consideration that all entities should develop measures to fight threats of new entrants, threat candid by bargaining powers of buyers, sellers, threat of substitute products and barrier to entry. According to Herman James, 2000, embracing information and intercourse technology will help to do away with threats enforce by five forces.A third consideration is the fact of e-commerce which is a component of electronic business. The use of information systems in carrying on with business transactions online is a true reflection about the validity of alignment. The future of using information technology in the world especially in business transactions is very certain. The concept of globalization is playing a very big role in creation of favourable environment for trading. Creation of strong communication networks enables countries from different regions to carry on with business transactions online.This is one major development of information technology embraced by both developed and developing states. all state has the mandate to promote the application of information technology through application of the necessary measures. A fourth consideration that needs to be put in place is thorough training of individuals on how to use internet. This should be done in schools and other institutions that promote learning. Children at young age need to know how to apply technological information for purpose of establishing proper measures in business and other aspects of life.

Explain the Problem of Evil Essay

The problem of evil refers to the nature of idol. Many assume that graven image is benevolent but hardly anyone really considers the possibility that God is non all good but rather an all evil, malevolent God. The question is if God is all good and all powerful, then why did he render a creative activity full of evil and suffering? There is so much suffering in this world that a lot of people bring out it hard to believe that, if God does exist, he is good. There is the argument that an all good, all powerful God would create some suffering in the world to perhaps allow people to achieve greater goods. merely, in all honesty, there is more evil than good in the world and so the probable hood of that isnt very high. So in order to explain the nature of the problem of evil, then one has to consider the possibility of an evil God as well as a benevolent one. Is God willing to prevent evil, but unable to? Is God able to prevent evil, but unintentional to do so? Or is God able to prevent evil and willing to?If everyone goes along with the assumed theory that God is all good, it is harder to come up with reasons and theories that would explain Gods reason for allowing evil and suffering in the world. However, if you consider the idea that God is not all good but rather evil, then everything becomes clearer. therefore again, there is the question of if there is an all evil God, then why did he create beauty and happiness in the world? Or why did he bother creating the world in the first place if he was just going to see it destroyed by the evil within man nature? The answer is this he simply created beauty and goodness so that he could take it all away, to see us all suffer. This theory however, nevertheless seems to raise new questions rather than just answering the old and so it still leaves the question, is God good or bad?Another argument would be free will. The Bible states that God granted humans the gift of free will. However some would say that as a result of this, we have created our have got evil and suffering. We start our own wars we are the reason so many people are dying of starvation. But then there are those who would consider that it is better to have free will because it is a good that far outweighs the evil it produces. The Ireanean theodicy attempts to explain natural evil as well as example evil. This theodicy states that things like bad experiences can make a person stronger. For example people who have suffered through a life threatening disease and survived whitethorn say that they have actually gained something from it,regardless to how much pain it brought. Similarly, by creating natural evil, God is allowing us to grow and develop morally and spiritually.However the issue with this theory is that it fails to explain why God allows suffering to be distributed to some, while others enrich themselves in luxury. Therefore we are again brought to the question is God good or bad? There are other ways of explai ning why evil happens. One is Augustines theory that evil is the result of angels who dark away from God. Generally, Augustines theodicy is the traditionally accepted one. He based his theory on two key passages from the bible Genesis 3 and Romans 512-20. Augustine believed in a good God who created the world with goodness and evil is a privation of good, not an entity itself but something that lacks goodness.

The Effects of Junk Food on Health

The Effects of Junk Food on Health Junk solid foods are deemed to be chicken feed foods as they are elevated in fat, sodiumand gelt. The apparent effect of trash food can lead to obesity and a range of coincidence health problems, including diabetes, heart disease and arthritis. Majority of tear apart food choices do not deliver beneficial nutritional values. Here are the facts abouthow unwarranted junk food consumption affects your body. First of all, junk food doesnt contain the nutrients your body needs to stay healthy. As a result, you may feel inveterate fatigued and overlook the energy you need to complete daily tasks.The high levels of sugar in junk food puts your metabolism under stress when you prey refined sugar, your pancreas secretes high amounts of insulin to prevent a mordacious spike in blood sugar levels. Also, you can be less focused with anything you undertake at work and home because what you are acquiring from junk foods are mere fats, not healthy ingred ients. Also, you forget experience lack of important oxygen that eventually result to poor brain functioning. In fact, junk food will cause our body lacking of energy and less concentration and focus when doing work. Next, junk food contributes obesity.Junk food contains large amounts of fat, and as fat accumulates in your body, youll gain weight and could become obese. The more weight you gain, the more youll be at take chances for serious chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease and arthritis. The high levels of fat and sodium in junk food can cause high blood pressure or hypertension. Youll feel tired and have trouble concentrating because your body might not be getting enough oxygen. Hence, fat will lead to weight gain and obese sickness, furthermore, high risk in suffering critical illness such as heart disease.More everyplace, junk food can lead to diabetes. This happens because eating too much sugar puts your metabolism under stress, your body has to pump up insul in production to prevent a dangerous spike in blood sugar levels. Because junk food doesnt contain the protein or complex carbohydrates that your body needs to maintain consistent blood sugar levels, your blood sugar levels will drop suddenly soon after eating. Youll crave sugar and likely end up eating more junk food. Over time, this stress damages your bodys ability to use the insulin secreted by your pancrease.A healthy diet can help maintain your bodys insulin sensitivity. As can be seen, over amount of sugar will cause pancrease problem and diabetes which will affect the ability of controlling sugar level. In conclusion, junk food caused diabetes, obesity and lack of nutrients for a healthy body. We must be disciplined in indulging in these types of food because they are initially unhealthy to have. Too much of anything mellifluous or salty is health threatening, to prevent it, we can pick fruits and high-fiber food for good snacks and meals.

Poem Paraphrase paper Essay

When Richard Cory entered the business district all of the townsfolk would stand aside and memorize him. He was trim and clean cut. He was very easy and knowledgeable. He was also extremely privileged. The townspeople wanted to be him. They continue to work their lives away. One day Richard Cory killed himself. This brief compendium of Edwin Arlington Robinsons Richard Cory does non capture the true emotion and irony familiarizeed in the original rime. It excludes umpteen uses of connotation, which help the reader urinate a cash in ones chips mental picture. In the reword it uses far more passwords to explain what merely is happening in Richard Corys life.The rime Richard Cory is known for its use of irony and word association. Through away the poem Robinsons use of phrases such as imperially slim, from sole to crown, and schooled in both grace give you a strong mental image of what Richard Cory looks like and how he presents himself which definitely leaves you olfac tion as if he is of royalty. There are also many other royal connections such as the use of the line He was rich-yes, richer than a king- and also just by the main characters name alone, which is comprise of the word Rich. Richard is also the name of many kings as tumefy.In the paraphrase it fails to present certain word associations that readers would pick up on in the poem. Instead of using words that aid your imagination in the right direction it is very blunt for example by saw He is very rich and knowledgeable doesnt quite leave the same solvent as saying, admirably schooled in every(prenominal) grace. I do feel though that in the paraphrase it is far more terrible when Richard Corys suicide is announced because there is no clear foreshadowing presented. Where as in the poem it hinted as if he were only perfect on the surface by entering the line In fine, we thought he was everything.This leaves the lingering impression that something is truly wrong underneath his perfect exterior, which the paraphrase fails to capture. The summary is far less descriptive when it comes to the reveal of Richard Corys death. For example when you learn about his suicide in the paraphrase all that you are able to infer is that he took his own life. Where as in the poem it goes into greater detail by telling the reader exactly when and how the suicide was committed by saying And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, Went home and put a bullet through his head.Thepoem leaves practically room for the reader to infer certain things by hinting and using vocabulary to portray a certain image. The line announcing his death has many contrasting meanings in itself to exemplify the pure irony of the entire poem. It mentions a calm summer night, where as the night was anything but calm for him. When summer is read it is typically employ to portray light and happiness and by saying that it was night eliminates the meaning. It uses the word calm to present the creative thinker tha t everyone else in the city was relaxed whilst Richard Cory was feeling desperate in the dark night.Without these connotations in the paraphrase it lacks the dramatic effect in the reveal of his Corys death. In the beginning of the poem it refers to the townspeople being on the pavement, which is typically lower than the sidewalk, already putting Cory above the working class. Since already reading through this poem many times it becomes clearer and clearer that Richard Cory was attempting to reach out to someone the entire time but everyone was much too affright to respond to him.It mentions that he was always quietly arrayed and also that he was always human when he talked which gives us the impression that he still remained a true gentleman in contrary to the cadence of money he may posses. The poem states but still he fluttered pulses when he said ethical Morning. But it never suggests that anyone ever responded to Richard Cory even though he seems to be reaching out by always remaining down to earth and easy to talk to.These desperate attempts at talk are defiantly not portrayed in the summary of the poem at all which fails to transport his desperation that also foreshadows his death. The poem begins with the townspeople estimatelizing Richard Cory to them realizing that they are stuck as workers that must go without the meat, and curse the dirty money which is most likely where they will remain for their entire lives. In the first line of the poem it refers to Richard Cory sacking downtown which insinuates that he must of previously of been uptown which leads you to believe that is where he lives, on the richer side of the city. passim the poem you get a sense that the townspeople respect Richard regardless of the royal connotations. A paraphrase is good in bad in the sense that it lacks certain word associations that present a clear mental image for the reader and by the way that it sums up a poem in its purest counterfeit by eliminating many co nnotations and examples that help show the bigger picture in the poem. Robinson uses dramatic irony to present the message that not everything is what it seems.These workers spend their lives wishing for everything that they think Richard has when in reality they have no idea the emptiness that his life consists of. The summary of the poem lacks the emotion portrayed in the story as well as eliminating many hidden details that foreshadow the events. The poem develops the story in a somber forces the reader to dig deeper into the character as well as the meaning while a summary disconnects you from the characters in the poem. Altogether a paraphrase lacks the emotional intensity as well as skill distilled in original poetry.

Formula 1 Constructors

Introduction The statute ace World Championship was started in 1951 by private sportspersons. Today, linguistic rule One is the worlds biggest tug sports event and is arguably the second most popular sport in the world. It consists of ten aggroups, with two cars distributively, con mental testinging a 17- flight series. It involves two titles, the Drivers Championship and the Constructors Championship. Formula One today is a super pendent on engine room (Denison and Henderson, 2004). This condition will discuss the resources, capabilities and attributes ask by Formula One constructors.This article will in like manner analyse the causalitys for the ascendancy of different constructors during different full points, by using i of the methods of identifying militant proceeds. It will analyse the reasons behind their in major power to sustain their dominance and also suggest ways by which these constructors could establish sustained their matched reinforcement. A unbe nd fit is tell to take for hawkish emolument when it is implementing a value creating strategy non simultaneously being implemented by any current or potential competitors. (Barney, 199199) imaginativenesss, capabilities and attributes required by Formula One Resources burn d knowledge be classified as financial, physical, human, technical and organisational (Grant, 1991). The financial resources required by Formula One constructors atomic number 18 vast (close to $1 bn), the human resources required are a staff of around 450-800. They need highly qualified staff like race locomotive engineers, designers, aero high-poweredists, composite experts and system specialists. They require physical resources including their own testing and snap offment equipment like wind tunnels, test tracks and other equipment.They also need to constantly change their strategies to counter strategies of the other teams. All the teams and members need to operate as a cohesive unit. Based on Po rter (2004) we keister identify factors in-chief(postnominal) for war-ridden utility in the Formula One industry. Technology development is decisive to war-ridden favor in the racing industry. Technology development involves steps to improve the racing car in aspects like power, stability and drag. It involves steps like research, product design and servicing procedures.Human resource management is also key to warlike advantage in the racing industry. Human resource management involves activities like recruitment, training, and development of employees. In Formula One human resource management involves choosing the right drivers, engineers and designers who are expertds in their fields and also beneficial team players. It also involves training new drivers, engineers and designers and keeping them satisfied and motivated so that they dont leave and join other competitors. Firm infrastructure involves activities like general management, planning, finance and accounting.This can also be an important source of belligerent advantage as management and planning are decisive to success in the racing industry. Value linkages are also an important source of competitive advantage in the racing industry. Linkages can be both internal and outer. Internal linkages include co-ordination amongst several(a) de plane sectionments within the quick like the design team, racing team and the technical team. External linkages include co-operation and co-ordination with persona suppliers and sponsors(Porter, 2004). Attributes are qualities or skills possessed by constructors.Attributes include trust, congenerships, history and management structure within a firm (Barney, 1995). These skills relate to ways in which they do things. These skills and qualities are not considerably transferable, as they cannot be easily copied. These skills and qualities are generally authentic over a long period of time. Formula superstar constructors require attributes like friend ship, experience and flair for innovation. A firms capabilities are establish on the resources it has. Capability mode the ability of a firm to perform certain tasks base on the resources it has.Capability is created by the integration of galore(postnominal) key resources and attributes. Resources and attributes alone do not contribute to competitive advantage, but capabilities are a source of competitive advantage. The key resources of an organisation need to be identified, and capabilities, payable to a confederacy of particular resources that need to be identified. Capabilities involve efficient fundamental interaction between people and other resources. Formula One Constructors require engine manufacturing, car design and technological capabilities. Key capabilities are those that are not shared by the firms competitors.Strategy of an organisation has to be establish on its resources and key capabilities to growth a competitive advantage (Grant, 1991). For example, Ferrar i had the unique(p) capability of manufacturing engines, which its other competitors did not wee-wee. Hamel and Prahalad, (1990) describe key capabilities, which lead to competitive advantage as core competencies. Ferraris success in the mid 1970s Ferrari was the supreme Formula One Constructors Championship in the mid 1970s. Using one of the many approaches to determine competitive advantage, the reasons for Ferraris dominance can be identified.Some approaches to determine competitive advantage are explained below Porters (1980) five forces model help oneselfs to position a firm in the take up way to tackle competitors. This model helps in understanding the competition and formulating strategy accordingly. Carl Shapiros (1989) approach is based on making competitive firms act in unproductive ways. This conjecture can only be utilized where competitors are closely placed. Barneys (1995) resource based approach believes that competitive advantage is due to unique resources. T he capability of the firm is based on its unique resources.He suggests that it is important to understand the firms internal metiers and helplessnesses to understand how exactly competitive advantage can be gained. Barneys (1995) approach is based on SWOT (Strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis. Barneys (1995) approach implies that only those firms that example their internal authorisations to make drug abuse of the addressable opportunities gain competitive advantage. Strengths and weaknesses can be understood by 1. Continuously checking whether resources and capabilities of a firm help it in the changing environment. 2.Checking whether these capabilities and resources are unique to the firm. 3. Understanding if the resources and capabilities of the firm are difficult to imitate. 4. Checking if the firms processes make use of the resources and capabilities effectively. Teece (1997) suggests that moral force capabilities are a source of competitive advantag e. Dynamic refers to capacity to regenerate resources so as to achieve congruence with the changing business environment. (Teece et. al, 1997515). According to Teece (1997) dynamic capabilities of a firm depend on its processes, position and path.Processes mean the way things are done in the firm, position means the technology, assets and customer base the firm has, path means the ways available to the firm to do things. These dynamic capabilities of the firm lead to competitive advantage. Porter (2004) introduced the concept of value chain to determine competitive advantage. It was based on identifying the primary and secondary activities of the firm. Primary activities include activities like inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and gross sales and service.Secondary activities include firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development and procurement. It then identifies and separates activities that are unique strengths of the firm in affinity to the competition. Spanos and Lioukas (2001) argue that Porters value chain is based on external factors of competition and ignores the crucial internal resources and capabilities of the firm. Rumelt (1984) also argues that strategy of a firm should be based on its unique resources and capabilities.McWilliams and Smart (1993) argue that Porters value chain theory lead managers the incorrectly way by suggesting to develop unique activities based on the resources, even though the activities may not be beneficial to the firm. From the various views it can be seen that Barneys (1995) approach, based on identifying and focusing on unique resources and capabilities, based on SWOT analysis, is more relevant in analysing competitive advantage in Formula One. Using SWOT analysis we can identify that one of the strengths of Ferrari was the use of portion know guidege as a source of competitive advantage.Component knowledge means skills, resources and knowledge related to particu lar split of a system. For example, in Formula One it means technical and design skills related to engine, chassis and gearbox. (Pinch et al, 2003). The Ferrari 12-cylinder engine and 312-T car was a result of component knowledge. In 1975, Ferrari designed a new car 312T, which had a wide low body, powerful 12-cylinder engine and a revolutionary transverse gearbox. All these improved the relaxation and handling of the car. 312T had a chassis, engine and gearbox combination, which could not be matched by the engine, gearbox combination of the competing cars(Johnson, G et. l, 2008). The component knowledge behind this engine and car could be easily understood, but could not be easily transferred because it was based on firm item component knowledge and because it didnt fit in with the systems of other manufacturers hence it was not used widely. The other strength that was the reason for Ferraris success was the use of architectural knowledge as a competitive advantage. Architectur al knowledge considers the whole system and the interaction between component knowledge of its various parts (Matusik and Hill, 1998).It is difficult to transfer architectural knowledge between organisations because it is distinct for each organisation and develops over time. The highly efficient practices introduced by Montezemolo were the architectural knowledge of Ferrari. Montezemola ensured that each team concentrated on a specific task, for example, chassis, gearbox, engine and suspension. This helped obviate conflicts and helped in getting a peachy car make. The system of having each team concentrating on a specific task to avoid conflicts was also a part of architectural knowledge of Ferrari.Architectural knowledge also helps in determining the ability of organisations to acquire new knowledge. (Zahra and George, 2002). Human resource management was other strength, which was a factor of competitive advantage in Ferraris success, as Montezemola recruited the right driver i n Nicki Lauda, who could communicate effectively with the technical team. some other of Ferraris strengths were the unique resources that it had, like its Maranello factory where it made its own engines and the test track in Fiorano, which is one of the most advanced and sophisticated test tracks in the world, which enabled it to test and develop cars.All these strengths were the reason for Ferraris dominance in the 1970s. McLarens domination in the late-1980s In September 1980 Dennis was appointed as the team principal. Dennis bought in Barnard as a car designer. Barnard had ideas of making the racing car chassis of carbon fibre, kinda of metal. Barnard left in 1986 but a lot of progress in car design had been made by then. By SWOT analysis we can identify the strengths of McLaren, which endowed it with competitive advantage. One of McLarens strengths during this period was the efficient and disciplined way in which the organisation was run.They prepared carefully for all the rac es. umpteen elements that contributed to McLarens success are still unknown. This is an example of architectural knowledge being used for competitive advantage. (Pinch et. al, 2003). Good human resource management can be seen to be another strength, which was the reason for McLarens success as McLaren had the right people for the job in Dennis and Barnard. Dennis had earnest managerial skills while Barnard had highly innovative design skills. Dennis, in turn, recruited the best drivers in Senna and Prost, who were crucial to McLarens success.Senna was tight and determined whereas Prost was fast and good at tactics. Another of McLarens strengths was the use of external linkages of value chain as a competitive advantage, by its collaboration with Honda for engines. All these strengths helped McLaren dominate F1 from 1988 to 1991. Williams success in the mid 1990s Williams developed on the ideas of show effect, carbon composite monocoque, semi-automatic gearbox and active suspensio n. Williams considered the driver to be only part of the system.Using SWOT analysis we can determine that one of the strengths of the Williams team can be attributed to use of bunch up train architectural knowledge as a source of competitive advantage. Cluster level architectural knowledge refers to knowledge shared by groups of organisations in a particular geographical area. Cluster level architectural knowledge also involves common ways of thinking and habits among organisations in the cluster. Hence it becomes difficult for organisations foreign the cluster to copy the technologies developed in the cluster.An example of cluster level architectural knowledge can be seen in UKs Motorsport Valley. Many technologies used in Formula One cars have been developed here, for example, the use of carbon composite materials, traction controls and active suspension systems (Henry and Pinch, 1999). Brown and Duguid (2001) argue that component knowledge is the cargo that is moved around on the rails of cluster level architectural knowledge. The terra firma effects technology was developed in Motorsport Valley and was first used by Lotus.The Williams team that was in the same area was the one that applied the ground effects technology efficiently. Thus, all the technologies developed in the Motorsport Valley were transferred to and adopted by Williams, this contributed crackingly to its success. (Pinch et. al, 2003). Thus it can be seen that Williams developed strong and unique capabilities in the designing of the car body, chassis and gearbox. Human resource management was another strength, which also acted as a source of competitive advantage. Frank Williams was the founder of Williams and he appointed Patrick Head as the skilful Director.The attributes of entrepreneurial energy and technical excellence helped them to succeed. Patrick Head appointed good drivers like Senna and Prost. Another strength of Williams was their external linkages. Their linkage with Rena ult helped them use the powerful and reliable Renault engine, which complemented their FW15 chassis. All these strengths that acted as sources of competitive advantage led to Williams domination from 1992 to 1994. Ferraris return to winning ways after 1999 Montezemela was brought back to Ferrari, as chief executive officer in 1992. He set up a new design department with 50 people.Ferraris focus shifted from engine to integration of main parts. The strengths of Ferrari, identified using SWOT analysis, was that value linkages (Porter, 2004), both outwardly and internally became a source of competitive advantage for Ferrari. Internal linkages were the co-operation between the departments manufacturing engine, chassis and the aerodynamics department. These were crucial in integrating all components of the car efficiently. External linkages were the collaboration with Bridgestone for making customised tyres for Ferrari and with Shell for financial and technical support.Another strength identified was good human resource management, which also acted as a competitive advantage by Ferraris appointment of Montezemela as chief executive and Schumacher as the driver. Ferrari recruited Schumacher in 1996, who was a great driver and motivator. He communicated well with the engine technicians. The core competency (Hamel and Prahalad, 1990) of Ferrari was the capability of manufacturing powerful engines. Since Ferrari manufactured its own engines they were able to integrate engine, chassis and aerodynamics early in the process. This was the most pregnant and unique strength of Ferrari.All these factors helped Ferrari win the constructors championship in 1999, after a gap of 12 years. Reasons for Ferrari, McLaren and the Williams teams not being able to sustain their success Using SWOT analysis we can see that one of the major weaknesses of Ferrari, due to which they could not sustain their success, was their lack of dynamic capabilities. Dynamic capabilities mean the abili ty of firms to adapt their competencies to the changing time and changing external environment. Ferrari needed the dynamic capability to create newer cars, which were more powerful, had better balance and had great aerodynamic properties.Penrose (1959) and Teece (1982) were the first to suggest that, to sustain competitive advantage, firms will need to utilise their firm specific capabilities and also develop new capabilities. Deeply ingrained ideas of architectural knowledge prevent the organisation from getting new knowledge. (Henderson and Clark, 1990). Another weakness of Ferrari was their strongly ingrained architectural knowledge that prevented them from initially accepting the ground effects technology, as it was concentrating only on engine design. (Pinch et. al, 2003). Lack of dynamic capabilities to adopt the ground ffects technology and bad human resource management that led to loss of Nicki Lauda from Ferrari, were major reasons due to which Ferrari was unable to view as its success after 1979. One of the weaknesses of McLaren, identified by SWOT analysis, due to which they were unable to advance their competitive advantage, was the pulling out of Honda from Formula One. McLaren were not prepared for this and did not have any other good engines to set back Honda. Thus the lack of ability to maintain external linkages as a source of competitive advantage was the one of the reasons for the failure of McLaren.The other significant weakness identified was their not continuing to use human resource management as a source of competitive advantage. The loss of Senna to Williams in 1993 was a big blow to McLaren and they had not developed any new drivers to replace him. The main weakness that was the reason for the decline of Williams was the use of technologies developed by them by other competitors, like Benetton. Their competitors easily replicated their component knowledge. Since their capabilities could be easily copied they could not maintain co mpetitive advantage in the long term.The death of Senna in an disaster left Williams without a good driver. Another weakness was the lack of dynamic capabilities that led to their not having a good replacement for Senna. Renaults decision to supply engines to Benetton also meant loss of competitive advantage. The inability of Williams to maintain external linkages as a source of competitive advantage was another weakness identified. The main weakness that was the reason for the decline of Ferrari after 2004 was they were not able to adapt their capabilities and external linkages to the changed rules.The strategies that could have been developed by each of these teams to further sustain their period of dominance. Spanos and Lioukas (2001) and Wenerfelt (1984) suggest that Porters value chain and the Resource based view are complementary and considering both together can help in sustaining competitive advantage. But from empirical studies conducted by Spanos and Lioukas (2001) it was found that focusing on unique resources and capabilities was more beneficial in sustaining competitive advantage than focusing unique activities in relation to competition.Thus it can be concluded that it is important to consider both your firm specific unique resources and capabilities and to develop activities that are unique in relation to competition in developing strategy, to sustain competitive advantage. Capabilities that are not easily transferable, that cannot be easily copied, that are not transparent and those that last a long time act as significant sources of long-term competitive advantage (Grant, 1991). Walker, (2007), suggests that to sustain competitive advantage a firm must use tactics of offence and defence.Offence involves working towards dominating the competition and defence involves taking steps to maintain the dominant allele position. Ferrari could have continued their dominance from the 1970s if they had used opportunities identified using SWOT analysis to develop dynamic capabilities to adopt new technologies like ground effects and to recruit other good drivers to replace Nicki Lauda. Miller (2003) suggests that the differences between firms are a source of sustained competitive advantage.Hence it can be said since from all the racing constructors only Ferrari made their own engines and other parts, they could integrate the parts much better. This was another opportunity for Ferrari to use this capability as a long-term competitive advantage and helped extend their period of dominance. McLaren could have used opportunities identified to maintain external linkages as a source of competitive advantage by persuading Honda against quitting Formula One or by developing other external linkages for supplying engines, as a replacement for Honda. They needed to develop dynamic capabilities to have good alternative drivers for Senna.Teece et. al (1997) suggests that competitive advantage can be sustained by improving efficiency. Hence, consi dering this theory McLaren could sustain their competitive advantage by improving their efficiencies continuously. Williams could have used the opportunities identified to develop strong architectural knowledge, which would not have been easily replicated by their competitors. The fact that all new technologies like ground effect, active suspension and semi-automatic gearbox were first developed by Williams was the differentiating factor from other racing constructors.Hence by Miller (2003)s theory Williams needed to use that capability to sustain their competitive advantage. They needed to develop their innovative capabilities in a way that they could not be easily copied. They also needed to develop dynamic capabilities, in monetary value of other drivers, so that they had a replacement for Senna. To sustain competitive advantage after 2004, Ferrari needed to have dynamic capabilities, which would help adapt their capabilities to the new rules. ConclusionFrom the study of the per iods of dominance of various Formula One constructors, it can be concluded that each of the constructors had individual strengths, which they could have used as their core competencies and developed dynamic capabilities to be ahead of the competition. They need to focus on their unique resources, capabilities and develop unique activities, in relation to the competition, to gain competitive advantage. Success in Formula One is dependent on a flesh of factors like the cars, the drivers, the management etc. Hence the constructors need to continuously improve their cars and retain their good drivers, to succeed.

Description of my visit to cemetery

The cemetery palaver causes eerie feelings of stillness and uneasiness.1. It is very quiet, serene, peaceful and absolutely still, except for birds chirping all(prenominal) around me.2. I made sure that I visited during the day lightsome hours when the sun was indeed shining brightly displaying brilliant beauty and dispelling any shadows as I walked on tiptoes it seems.-I am very afraid to visit the gravesite after sunset hours. I do not like dark shadows or anything that is mysterious or makes me feel queasy and uneasy.-The gravesites all around argon flat for the most part, with a few mounds of land and head stones.-The entire place is not even called a cemetery or gravesite, but it is cognise as a memorial garden. It does seem far more agreeable to me to visit and explore a memorial garden instead of a cemetery. When I hear the word garden connected to anything I entail of doing fun things, of flowers, the green blossoms and the springtime buds and joyful memories. I think of vegetables and fruits growing on a plot of ground. I think of well-manicured lawns carpeted by rich, healthy green grass. I think of explicate I can harvest from the earth, wash off and eat right away.4. My cemetery visit is pleasant and exciting simply because of the weather and theenvironment I encounter at the site and it is daytime and the light everywhere is very bright. The grounds are also immaculate and blossoming. The whole of nature seems to be at peace everywhere.5. Most gravesites have names on them with very pretty collections of flowers and floral arrangements atop the ground. I cannot help but notice the green grass is flourishing well healthy well-fed and kind of inviting. A few former(a) visitors stroll through the garden thoughtfully, mincing and watching their every step, seemingly out of respect for the dead buried there.6. I also notice a few crystallisation white gazebos scattered throughout the garden where visitorscan sit in order to reflect and medit ate. indeed flowers and perennials surround their white lattice work of wood with intricate and striking designs. Everything seems to have been made to support reverence and awe.7. Even though very beautiful and still and quiet, the gravesite environment causes meinevitably to think of my life, to think about death itself what it is and why it is. I really wonder where all of those people went whose remains are buried beneath the cemetery dirt.8. The entire scene also makes me think of my own mortality. How very delicate and transient human beings really are. Here today and gone tomorrow is a commonly mouth folk phrase that reminds me of how we must really take care of ourselves and live our lives as long and as rich as we can. The gravesite makes me think of the beauties of life that I possess now. Its joys and its many opportunities are incomparable. I surely do not plan or wish to die now. I want to live as long as I can.9. The cemetery visit also forces me to think of my ow n passage into the other realm, intooblivion. What shall it be like it? I really wonder and have wondered for some time, now. What is

Themes in the Good Earth

In Pearl horses novel The Good primer she gives an inside look at the Chinese culture. In the novel Wang Lung is poor farmer married to O-Lan, a loving wife who takes c atomic number 18 of Wang Lungs father, plus her own children. Three prows that Pearl Buck uses are survival, family structure, and the subjugation of women. One theme used to show Chinese culture is survival. For example, when Wang Lungs family is struggling to see to it food, his sons steal meat, and they defend themselves by saying, I took it it is mine, this meat (Buck 112). When it is hard to survive it can make a person do something that they wouldnt normally do. Survival not only changes a person, but it withal changes their turn breaklook on life. While O-Lan was giving birth to another child Wang Lung is thinking, Male or effeminate it mattered nix to him now there was only another mouth coming which must be feed (Buck 81). Trying to survive took Wang Lungs excitement and turned it into worry. Pea rl Buck is stressful to show that if lot are trying to survive that they will do anything possible.Another theme used is family structure. For example, Wang Lungs father neer had to worry about going hungry, As for the old man, he fared better than any, for if there was anything to eat he was given it, even though the children were without (Buck 78). No matter what the circumstances are, the eldest male in the crime syndicate will always be assistd first. Even while there was no women around Wang Lung still had to serve his father.Associated essay Themes Developed in MaruAfter Wang Lungs mother died he had to be the one to take worry of the old man, Every morning for these six years the old man had waited for his son to bring in hot water to ease him of his morning coughing (Buck 3). Even though Wang Lung is a man with no woman around him, he must take care of the oldest in the house. Pearl Buck is trying to show the respect and loyalty that people in China have for family. On e last theme used in the novel, is the subjugation of women.For example, when Wang Lung is thinking of selling his daughter O-Lan tells him about her past, I was beaten with a leather thong which had been halter for one of the mules, and it hung up on the kitchen wall (Buck 135). Women were treated as nothing more than an animal. Not only were slaves treated badly but so were the daughters. When Wang Lung is waiting to find out the sex of his baby he reacts badly when he finds that it is a girl, Wang Lung stood still. A sense of evil enamored him. A girl (Buck 65). Even though Wang Lung wanted children he is sickened to have a daughter. Pearl Buck is trying to show people just how far that women have come. All in all cardinal themes that Pearl Buck uses are survival, family structure, and the subjugation of women. Some points that Pearl Buck is trying to point out are that survival changes people in drastic ways, family order always comes first, and that women are treated no bett er than animals. There are many more themes in this novel to show the importance of Chinese culture.