Management Portfolio Essay

This portfolio task invites you to think holistically about the strengths you are developing and how these strengths might be applied, represented, and offered in service to your aspirations in the career field. You will demonstrate the competencies you have studied to comprehend and explain your personal strengths and present evidence of these strengths in a positive light for potential employers. Task: A. Write an essay (suggested length of 1–2 pages) in which you do the following: 1. Evaluate your top five strengths in relation to your chosen career. 2. Provide examples from your personal life, work, or school activities that support your evaluation. B. Write a career outlook report (suggested length of 1–2 pages) in which you summarize a specific career field that interests you. 1. Provide information such as salary range, employment outlook, types of positions available, and education required. C. Write an essay (suggested length of 3–5 pages) in which you reflect on how your education and past work and life experiences have prepared you for your future in the workplace. D. Provide your resume (no more than 3 pages). Note: Make sure the resume contains no grammatical or spelling errors and that it is formatted to be correctly viewed electronically and when printed. E. Provide five exhibits to include in your professional portfolio. Examples may include the following: †¢ Executive summary from your capstone (no more than 1–2 pages) †¢ Any artifact from your work experience if it applies directly to information that a potential employer would be interested in seeing (e.g., awards, certificates, letters of commendation, performance evaluations, other evidence of outstanding work performance) †¢ Any artifact from your university experience if it applies directly to information that a potential employer would be interested in seeing (e.g., transcripts, score reports, certificates, awards) †¢ Description of a work product †¢ Projects or assignments completed to meet requirements in the major F. If you choose to use outside sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format. Note: Please save word-processing documents as *.rtf (Rich Text Format) or *.pdf (Portable Document Format) files. Note: For definitions of terms commonly used in the rubric, see the attached Rubric Terms.

Political View Essay

My first political view was formed through my family. Although politics weren’t really discussed with children, I eavesdropped in the conversations from time to time. I would hear how they liked one candidate over the other due to the issues they stood for. By overhearing my parents, I learned which issues were favored in my community. Those I grew up around were democrats. I heard a lot about needing officials in office that cared about the people instead of money. Learning about government in school growing up allowed those views learned from my parents to be challenged. Although the curriculum was generally unbiased, the teachers that taught my courses had the opportunity to add their own opinions on a mass amount of political issues. This changed my mind on the democratic views that I had. The media has also influenced me through the information I have gained through it. Television and social media often discusses a lot of politics. They continue to cover the daily activities of the government. The presidential election is covered on the news as high priority. I am able to learn about the candidates that are running and each of their views. Because I don’t try to associate myself with a particular political party, the televised debates help me decided who to vote for president. Although my family, teachers, and the media has been a big influence on my political views, my own experiences with politics have formed my views the most. A lot of my life’s experiences have been affected by politics. Issues such as education and employment are big ticket items in politics that I am directly affected by. Keeping up with the current issues allow me to know what’s going to change for me personally. Although I am not tied to any specific political party, I do have certain issues that are important to me.

Canter’s Behavior Management Style Essay

Disruptive behavior in the classroom has become one of the most common issues in the educational process; negative behavior not only affects the students but the teacher as well. In order for a classroom to function in a positive manner giving the student and teacher the best environment to operate proper behavior and decorum are essential. There are many theories and discipline models teachers adhere to in modern classrooms of today one of the most influential in the area of discipline was developed by Lee and Marlene Canter. The Canter’s are both teachers and authors; their most famous book is called â€Å"Assertive Discipline† which is a how to book on how to rid the classroom of unwanted behaviors. The Canter discipline theory is based on teacher needs, wants and feelings. The Canter’s believe teachers have their own rights which include the following: â€Å"The right to establish classroom rules and procedures that produce the optimum learning environment, the right to insist on behavior from students that meets teachers’ needs, the right to receive help in disciplining from both parents and school administrators when support is needed. These rights are based on the Canter’s â€Å"Assertive Theory†. All teachers must clearly communicate what they expect from their students and that there are consequences should the rules not be followed (Canter, 2011). The Canter’s believe in a â€Å"take control† approach to the classroom. Their philosophy is teachers are there to teach and students are there to learn, misbehavior should not interfere in this equation. The Canter’s teach educators to take charge in the classroom and be assertive concerning their own wants and needs to their students. Examples of what the Canter’s communicate to teachers that are used in the classroom management today are: be straight forward with students, use firm tone of voice, make eye contact when speaking, use both verbal/non-verbal communication and continually state the teacher wants and needs. According to the Canter’s if the educator can use the above on a continued basis discipline should take care of itself (Kavanagh, & Lang, 2000). The following is a case study of a discipline problem found in classrooms. The information below is from a behavioral situation at an elementary school located in Phoenix Arizona. A nine year old student by the name of Billy (4th grader) is exhibiting disruptive behavior in a class reported by the teacher. The student (Billy) comes from a broken home where the father left the family unexpectedly a few years back. The mother recently re-married, the new spouse has a daughter roughly the same age as Billy: the relationship between Billy and his new sister is not considered ideal. The new spouse often confronts Billy’s mother in a loud voice in front of the children, the atmosphere is not considered conducive to a â€Å"family† environment. Billy is having issues inside as well as outside the classroom. The issues outside the classroom are in the form of arguments with fellow students and a lack of respect for teacher authority on the playground. Inside the classroom his disruptive behavior consist of talking when the teacher is talking which is not only disruptive to the teacher but other students as well. Billy will also speak out of turn, instead of raising his hand to answer a question he will simply blurt out the answer, he will also during this time mimic his teacher in a disrespectful manner. His attention to detail and attentiveness overall in the classroom continues to decline on a daily basis. Billy’s behavior seems to be a reflection of his new family environment. He seems to have authoritative issues and may not like his teacher; Billy seems to have a big problem with the teacher when confronted openly (in front of class) about his misbehaviors. Billy also has problems with his desk partner who is female and calls attention too many of his misbehaviors. According to Canter the educator should always have a goal of creating an environment where positive teaching behavior is the norm and necessary in order to achieve the goal of effective teaching despite disruptive students such as Billy. The teacher must attempt to control disruptive students such as Billy in a manner different from his/her current teaching model. Accordingly, the teacher’s classroom management plan in the area of discipline must be evident even in a class where there are very few children exhibiting disruptive behavior. Without a discipline management plan students such as Billy would continue along their path of disruptive behavior. The focus of Canter’s discipline model is the concept of teacher rights in the classroom. The Canter method is to show educators how to take charge in the classroom by taking into account student rights in conjunction with teacher rights. †¢The right to good behavior.  In the case of Billy the Teacher should start with the basic right to have good behavior from the students (Billy). This right should be set at the beginning of the school year when the teacher presents the set of rules. This right should also be made available to the parents of every student. †¢The right to expect support from parents/administrators. In the case of Billy parents must be made aware of the situation and support the teacher to help Billy correct the discipline issues. Billy also has basic rights in this situation â€Å"The right to have teachers who help them develop by helping them limit self-destructive and inappropriate behavior. † The teacher according to Canter can do this with simple actions such as a strong toned voice or by making eye contact. For Billy this can be dealt with at a few different levels. First make eye contact with Billy when the teacher feels the behavior is wrong, if this does not work then a stern voice , if this does not work talk to student privately voicing behavioral expectations and lastly if all the above does not do the job include the parents/administrators (Turrell, 1999). â€Å"The right to have appropriate support from their teachers for their appropriate behavior† (Canter, 2011) According to Canter this is done with positive reinforcement; let the student know when student is presenting appropriate behavior. In the case of Billy always pointing out the negatives and not giving positive reinforcement when he displays good behavior will not produce a productive disciplined student, the educator must have a balance. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The right to choose how to behave with advance knowledge of the consequences that will logically and certainly follow† (Canter, 2011).  Every student should know at the beginning of class what is deemed appropriate behavior and if an act of misbehavior is executed consequences will follow, this should all be spelled out the first day of class in the class set of rules. Canter said: â€Å"Assertive teacher is more effective than the nonassertive or the hostile teacher. The teacher is able to maintain a positive, caring, and productive climate in the classroom. A climate of care and support produces the climate for learning. Canter believes the educator must present balance in their teaching approach, an educator cannot over emphasize the positive or the negative, if one outweighs the other the learning environment cannot be productive (Ferguson & Houghton, 1992). This is done through the Canter discipline model called â€Å"Assertive Discipline†. In Billy’s case it appears his home life is interfering with his behavior at school, it seems he is mimicking the behavior of his new father in some ways and it is up to the teacher to let him know these types of behaviors are not appropriate by using the Canter’s Assertive Discipline† model.

Multi axis milling machine Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multi axis milling machine - Assignment Example This discourse compares two multi axis milling machines for the correct selection. There are several considerations made before purchasing any machinery, whether meant for domestic or industrial applications (Anderson, 2008). The majority of people like going with companies or manufactures with good reputations or brand names. It is assumed that good companies are likely to produce quality products to maintain their top positions in the market. One is likely to go for cheaper machinery to cut on expenditure hence increased revenue. However, it is important to apply some economic principles before settling on particular cost (Bradley, 2005). A machine might have cheaper buying price but high installation or maintenance cost. Durability and the ability to handle large volume of work is vital in multi axis milling machines among other industrial machinery. I will consider two multi axis milling machines from two different manufactures before advising the relevant authority on the best. It is also important to procure machinery associated with advanced technologies to meet the customers’ demand. CNC Express TM Milling Machine CNC Express TM Milling Machine is one of the best current multi axis milling machines in the market. It is considered fast with 150 revolutions per minute, hence suitable for the modern cutting designs. The machine is made by the CNC Ltd but available in major machinery stores within and without the United States (Dunfee, 2004). It is high speed is also a subject of the modern or latest DriveRack powered technologies. The machine has a Heidenhain controller which ensures reliability in both input and output Opto-isolated mechanisms (Makhanov, 2007). It beats the rest of multi-axis milling machines which rely on direct connections or printer ports for their operations. It is compatible with several latest operating systems like Window 7, Windows 8 and Windows Vista among others. It also supports USB motion controller that makes in contro llable through modern appliances with USB slots like the tablets and mini laptops among others. The machine comes with five year warranty provided its components are not interfered with. Furthermore, the main machine comes with extra components like chip tray, stand, accessories and professional crating as bonus or extras. The machine operates on a single phase connection with 115 to 230 AC voltage with good speed and frequency. It has cooling slots to reduce its temperatures when handling large volumes of work (Gillam, 2010). This is through automated oil sprayer which can be adjusted to control the amount of coolant applied in the rotating parts. It also has a spindle control to prevent the rotating parts from wobbling or interfering with its revolutions. The machine beats its competitors with its anti-backlash ball screws to maintain its conventional and milling operations in a precised direction and motion. This limits the chances of the blade breaking among other faults. Furthe rmore, the ball screws maintain accurate circular or contour cuts without twisting or breaking the blades. The machine provides attractive powered cuts with repeatable tracks should there be certain amendments or adjustments in the working designs. The machine comes with low cost accessories to enable cheap maintenance or replacements in case of breakage or faultiness. The machine is designed through international standards meaning it accommodates standard tools as well as accessories in case of

Cultural assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural assessment - Essay Example However, this has changed over time and tremendous growth of this tribe occurred. Hawaiian language is the forms part of the native language but many have abandoned it for English. Education has a high place in this tribe with Hawaiian children receiving public education like many of US citizens. In addition, there exists special education system where Hawaiian children learn using their native language. This have helped improve the level of literacy in this tribe. Hawaiians belief that health is a holistic issue and thus should be taken seriously. They use the term Lokahi to express their understanding of health. Lokahi means balance or harmony. In this culture, a person is healthy when their physical, mental, and spiritual parts are peaceful. Healing can only occur traditionally after putting things straight in the spiritual realm. They believe that illnesses affect the entire family, which calls for consulting every member of the family on the treatment plans (â€Å"Stanford,† 2012). Hawaiians have adopted poor eating habits from the westerners eating food high in fat and low in complex carbohydrates. Therefore, diabetes is a common disease to Hawaiians with a prevalence rate of 69.3%. A return to the old eating habits can help lower this prevalence. Hawaiian islanders grow traditional foodstuffs like taro, and sweet potatoes that are quite nutritious (Roger, 2011). Apart from obesity, other diseases that are catching up on this popu lation include cardiovascular diseases due to change from fishing to canned fish (â€Å"Stanford,† 2012). Hawaiians traditional healing practices include massage, tacking some herbs, prayer and conflict resolution. These beliefs have hindered Hawaiians from accessing helpful medical treatments. There are tremendous changes in the way Hawaiians seek medical treatments nowadays. However, Hawaiians

Sentence Supervision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sentence Supervision - Essay Example On the surface these measures seem adequate to deter future and repeat offenders, ensure the safety of the public and to allay the fears of the populace. However a deeper study of the issue reveals there is little scientific evidence to support the perceived effectiveness of these measures. In fact harsher sentences and more stringent parole requirements tend to defeat the very purposes they are supposed to serve. Thus a critical evaluation of sentencing and post - sentence supervision as measures to control dangerous offenders helps provide a comprehensive analysis of their use and the detrimental effects they are likely to have in the criminological process. Initially the acute need for sentencing and post - sentence supervision was felt following the occurrence of certain horrific crimes like the James Bulger, Sarah Payne cases and similar killings. These terrible crimes sent shockwaves rippling through the nation and led to a huge outcry from the impassioned populace. The media played its part in fuelling public outrage and there was a clamour for severe punishments to be handed out to the perpetrators of such heinous crimes. In the aftermath of these killings, the political climate favoured the inclusion of legal provisions to control dangerous offenders by the use of longer sentences and supervision. Such steps served as an opiate to public passions. Unfortunately these measures have not been implemented on the basis of sound scientific study, rather as Tonry points out they reflect a "reduced tolerance of risks in 'late modern society', punitive public attitudes and the cynicism of a political class that chooses to pander to public fears and primitive passions".2 Another reason for the employment of stricter sentencing and supervision was the belief that it would carry out some of the aims of the criminal justice system. For instance it was believed that sentencing and supervision by means of parole officers would serve as a method of crime prevention. It would serve a dual purpose of dealing harshly with dangerous offenders while reducing the risk of reoffending. Theoretically this premise appears to be sound, unfortunately as Ashworth puts it, " it does not follow from any of this that increases in sentence levels will bring about increases in general crime prevention". 3 Dangerous Offenders and the Law Measures for controlling dangerous offenders are outlined under the Criminal Justice Act 2003. When convicted of a 'serious offence', the offender may be condemned to life imprisonment, imprisonment for public protection or extended sentences. Serious offences refer to specified crimes (mentioned under this law) that are usually violent or sexual in nature. Life sentences are imposed on murderers and offenders who have already been convicted for a serious offence. In the words of Hungerford - Welch, "Under s 225(2), if the offence is punishable with life imprisonment and the court considers that the seriousness of the offence (or of the offence and one or more offences associated with it) is such as to justify the imposition of a sentence of imprisonment for life, then the court must impose a life sentence". 4 If the gravity of the crime is

Education as Ideological Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education as Ideological Management - Essay Example Succeeding minority groups had the same problem with inequality, wherein the pervading culture of white, Protestant and Anglo-Saxon continued to view Native Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, and other minority groups a threat to the dominant ideology. While the past was characterized by blatant policies of racism and inequality, the current period is an era where the question of self-awareness and self-examination of where ideological biases could be examined. It is not as much as American education deliberately perpetuates racism but in the way ideology is carried unconsciously, spreading biases and prejudice even to those who are themselves considered minorities. For example, colored people may unconsciously imbibe the cultural and ideological biases of the dominant cultural group, thereby undermining their very sense of identity. Culture has a pervasive impact on the educational system, embedded not in just the way teachers teach, but in the systemic practices.

Qustions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Qustions - Essay Example Therefore, it can be said that managers assume the key responsibility of the successful implementation of corporate GIS in an organization. In order to accomplish that, managers need to overcome the barriers and address the implications that result from the implementation. The following text discusses some of the implications of introducing the corporate GIS to an organization from a managers’ perspective. Many companies have conventionally invested quite a lot in different GIS resources that include but are not limited to software, hardware, and human resources. As a result of that, management has demanded tangible outcomes on the sum invested. Management in any organization expects to receive tangible outcomes from the implementation of corporate GIS. If the management does not acquire tangible outcomes soon, there is little likelihood for management of continuing its support for the corporate GIS. Many case studies have traditionally shown that many information systems expe rience such hurdles (Otawa, n.d.). Researchers like (Saarinen, 1987) have devised organization-wide solutions in order to meet the challenges associated with implementation of corporate GIS in the organization. ... In order to make the system effective with the corporate GIS, employees need to be trained on the use of GIS. To achieve that, it is required of the managers to arrange training programs for the employees in which they may be offered education about the use of GIS. In addition to that, managers need to work out the best time that is suitable for the on-job training from the duty hours available to them. Not just that, managers need to convince the top management and / or the owners to bear the expenses thus incurred. Education of the organizational staff is compulsory, though it consumes additional cost. With that, management who is already skeptical about the idea of implementation of corporate GIS in the organization becomes even more repulsive towards it. In addition to the lack of employees education as discussed above, Management also has to suffer from a lack of GIS data of sufficiently high quality. Although in recent years, there has been improvement in the availability of th e required GIS data for organizational use, though this does not essentially mean that the improved availability has also improved the accuracy of the data. Many of the GIS databases are outdated because they have not been updated on a regular basis. Other implications for implementing corporate GIS in organization for managers include but are not limited toâ€Å"(1) data inaccuracies – both spatial and attribute, (2) data conversion issues, e.g., digitizing and format translations, and simply (3) the lack of data necessary to perform routine job duties† (Otawa, n.d.). GIS can not be implemented on a higher level unless these concerns are addressed. All of these factors need to be taken into consideration and taken adequate measures for in order to gain maximum benefit from the systems

Critical Risks Assessment and Milestones Schedule Essay

Critical Risks Assessment and Milestones Schedule - Essay Example 1). In this regard, the critical risk assessment and milestones schedule for Dr. McDougall’s would encompass the following: (1) a SWOT analysis; (2) an identification of the contingency plans; and (3) a description of the preferred timing and objectives of your business plan. The strengths of the organization were identified in products they offer using all natural ingredients, are easy to prepare, and are consistent with the needs and requirements of health conscious people who are always on the go. The use of product ingredients and packaging that comply with standards imposed by environmental advocates increase the competitive advantage of the company over other producers in the industry. The weaknesses were identified in the need to offer diverse and new product variances that would cater to a wider market base. Further, the costs of all natural ingredients are relatively higher and more suppliers need to be solicited to ensure a steady supply at the least possible cost. There are vast opportunities facing Dr. McDougall’s ranging from producing other product variants to cater to diverse ethnic and cultural groups. Further, with the government’s thrust of focusing on organic products and the use of healthier ingredients, there is an expected increase in demand, both in the local and international markets. On the other hand, the threats come in terms of increasing competition and substitutes due to the lure of profits and high demand for healthy food products that are easy to prepare, buy and consume. The Porter’s Five Forces Analyses provide ample information on the organization’s threats and even bargaining powers of both suppliers and buyers that influence their current and future operations. To address the weaknesses and threats, Dr. McDougall’s should solicit alternative sources of natural ingredients to extend the scope

Antitrust Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Antitrust Practices - Essay Example This is what F.T.C termed as â€Å"prefrencing†. The pecuniary cost and the non pecuniary cost that was associated with this case we are concerned about the effect on innovation,consumer and investment (Hylton, (2003). It took the commission about a yard to come to the conclusion after carrying out a myriad of investigations that were brought forward by google competitors. The antitrust experts said they would likely push for more sweeping obligations on Google corporate demeanor in the future so that it will not use its powerful position in internet o foster unfair advantage in other business thus giving stifle competition. The cost at which the government may try to enforce the principle of oligopoly in fields as fast moving as internet search, smart phones and online commerce will be quite challenging. The F.T. C was adjudicating for the broad principle so that there would be an agreement not to discriminate in favor its products and services over smaller competitors. The case with google is similar to that of Microsoft. It drew complaints from antitrust regulators and rivaling companies as it expanded its business beyond its dominant product and search advertising. Google is known to have bellicosely gained from its partnership with other fields that include Smartphone software and online commerce. As Google expands its empire, it takes on new competitors and brings formidable forces this making its rivals to suffer. However, Google has taken a stand that is improving its products and services in order to benefit the customers and the economy (Posner, 2001). The Antitrust laws help to serve as the ultimate protector from the competitive process under the free market economy. With this process, it will promote competitive prices and customer choice so that the whole society will benefit from all the possible allocation of resources. The antitrust laws help to ensure open and free markets and prevents conducts that

Bio On Favorite Business Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bio On Favorite Business Leader - Assignment Example He is the most notable individual in the organisation, being a symbol of leadership and courageous entrepreneurship. He is a passionate leader who works on making sure that all employees enjoy coming to work every morning (Dearlove 2007:85). He has been regarded as a supportive figure in all ventures the company has began, making it easier to attract investors due to his constant presence and charm. He is a risk-taker. All his diverse investments and initiatives have bordered on what many would have called risky ventures, but he has been able to manoeuvre and meet the demands. He is known to start companies and share out the risks with other investors to minimise risks for all other partners (DuBrin 2010:50). He is knowledgeable in all his ventures and recruits people based on their understanding of what is happening. His approach allows him to create a team that loves working and is intrinsically motivated to achieve both personal and organisational goals. He adapts the transformati onal style of leadership that inspires others to work towards the common organisational goals. He also prefers participative leadership strategies that make it easier to ensure that employees own any project being worked on. This motivates them a lot (Shavinina

A guide for the works of the prophets Essay Example for Free

A guide for the works of the prophets Essay The prophet Amos is listed in Scripture as one of the twelve minor prophetical messengers (James Gray, 2007). Among the other minor prophets were the prophets Joel, Hosea, Obadiah, Jonah, Nahum, Micah, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi (Torah). In the fourth chapter of the Book of Amos, verses 1-6, the prophet delivers a message of destruction that will come from God (Christ Notes, 2008). The first few verses of the Book described the character of Gods instrument, a shepherd from the southern kingdom of Israel (Gray, 2007). Prophets are mainly messengers of the Lord, as they are entrusted to deliver a message from the Lord (David Noel Freedman, 2008). God delivers his message to the prophets in visiosn or by means of dreams (Freedman, 2008). But in the exceptional cases such as Moses, God spoke to him â€Å"face-to-face† (Freedman, 2008). God calls the prophets to carry out the delivery of His message, or a â€Å"commission† (Freedman, 2008). God initiates the call of the messenger, usually with dreams or visions or a supernatural event, as in the cases of Isaiah and Ezekiel (Freedman, 2008). The messages of the minor prophets that they delivered in Gods Name were basically one in nature, and that was God will bring the nations to account for their conduct (Torah). Amos message was focused on the Ten Tribes of Israel (Torah). The Israelites were reveling in their new found wealth, with an insatiable desire for more (Christ Notes, 2008). This can be deduced upon reading the Eighth chapter of Amos, verses 4-6 (Christ Notes, 2008). Amos message of the inevitable destruction and captivity upon the people of Israel, went largely unnoticed (Got Questions, 2008). References Christ Notes. (2008). Amos- King James version. Retrieved August 13, 2008, from http://www. christnotes. org/bible. php? q=Amos+8ver=kjv Freedman, D. (2008). Biblical prophets. Retrieved August 13, 2008, from http://www. lightplanet. com/mormons/basic/bible/prophets_eom. htm Got Questions. (n. d. ). Book of Amos. Retrieved August 13, 2008, from http://www. gotquestions. org/Book-of-Amos. html Gray, J. M. (2007). Book of Amos. Retrieved August 13, 2008, from http://mb-soft. com/believe/txs/amos. htm Torah. (n. d. ). The twelve prophets. Retreived August 13, 2008, from http://www. torah. org/learning/basics/primer/torah/12minor. html#amos

Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Carcinoma of the Larynx

Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Carcinoma of the Larynx Association between helicobacter pylori infection and carcinoma of the larynx or pharynx JIAN ZHOU, DUO ZHANG, YUE YANG, LIANG ZHOU LEI TAO   Abstract: Background: Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a role in the development of gastric carcinoma. However, there is controversy as to whether H. pylori infection increases laryngeal or pharyngeal cancers. Methods: We managed a systematic review of researches related to H. pylori infection in laryngeal or pharyngeal carcinomas, distributed up to December 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed by random effects models or  according to heterogeneity I2. Results: Eleven studies were involved in the meta-analysis. Overall, H. pylori infection was significantly higher in the study group compared with the normal control group (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.71-4.84, I2 = 67.1, P 2 = 58, P Conclusion: This study supported the proposition that Infection with H. pylori was related to laryngeal carcinoma, specifically in the hospital-based control group and diagnosed by PCR or ELISA. Nevertheless, no significant relationship was discovered between H. pylori infection and pharyngeal cancer. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, laryngeal cancer, pharynx cancer Introduction: Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the common malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. It accounts for 25% of all the carcinomas of the head and neck and 2-3% of the carcinomas of the entire body [1]. Tobacco smoking and alcohol consuming are major risk factors for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer. The other risk factors for instance, microbes, viruses, occupational exposures, gastroesophageal reflux, and genetic inheritance have also been associated with the malignancy [2]. It has been verified that H. pylori has an important effect on the pathogenesis of duodenal and gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis, gastric lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma [3]. H. pylori immigration in the upper aerodigestive zone was proved by a previous study [4].There are some articles studying the association between H. pylori and laryngeal malignancy, the outcomes of which are still conflicting [5–11]. The purpose of this meta-analysis study is to determine whether H. pylori infection is related to cancers of the larynx and pharynx by summarizing proof from published studies. Material and methods Literature search We made a systematic literature search in Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and Embase for articles published up to December, 2014 by means of related keywords and combinations thereof: for instance, ‘laryngeal cancer,’ ‘larynx carcinoma,’ ‘pharyngeal cancer,’ ‘pharynx carcinoma,’ and ‘helicobacter pylori’. We followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) strategies. Inclusion and exclusion standards Inclusion standards were the following: (1) diagnoses of laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer, and sources of cases and controls, (2) clear evaluation of the relationship of malignances of the pharynx or larynx with H. pylori infection, (3) satisfactory data for pharyngeal or laryngeal carcinoma cases as well as controls, (4) unequivocal information on the H. pylori detection method used, (5) most updated and latest version of published articles. Exclusion standards were the following: (1) case reports, review articles, and studies not in English, and involving patients with benign sickness, (2) uncontrolled studies, (3) cohort studies, (4) animal studies, (5) and manifold articles providing outcomes from the same study. Data extraction The subsequent data were collected from every qualified article: first author’s surname, publication year, city and country of source, amount and type of controls, means of identification of H. pylori, and cases related to smoking or drinking, correspondingly. All studies were studied independently by two authors, and based on consensus. Statistical analysis Meta-analysis was managed using the random fixed effect model to pool individual study evaluations into an overall summary estimate of the associations between H. pylori infection and laryngeal cancer (or pharyngeal cancer). The results were given by 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR). The significance of the OR was decided by the Z test and p 2 was used to evaluate the heterogeneity between studies. Subsequently, stratified analyses were carried out with regarding to the features of the study (type of carcinoma, sources of controls, methods of diagnosis of H. pylori, and sample sizes). We assessed publication bias with Begg’s funnel plot. The random effects model introduces additional variation across diverse studies. We used the Stata 12.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) to complete wholly statistical analyses. Results Study characteristics As displayed in Figure1, we identified 177 studies by database searches, with 57 containing overlapping details. After subsequent initial screening of the abstracts, 22 entitled articles were selected. Among these 22 studies, two articles were removed owing to absence of controls, and eight were short of necessary statistics. Lastly, 11 articles were involved in this study. Designated characteristics of cases and controls are displayed in Table I. All articles were retrospective in scope. The carcinoma cases were primarily confirmed histologically. Seven researches addressed laryngeal carcinoma alone, and four researches addressed laryngeal cancer or pharyngeal cancer. Hospital-based controls were involved in seven researches, population-based controls were used in two researches and clinic-based controls were included in two researches. The technique of identification of H. pylori varies with authors. Meta-analysis Generally, comparison of H. pylori infection for laryngeal cancer against a local control was statistically significant and favoured laryngeal cancer (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.71-4.84, I2 = 67.1, random effects mode). Table II showed the separate risk assessments of researches assessed in meta-analysis. Selected researches supplied full data on H. pylori infection, by carcinomas, sources of controls, H. pylori diagnosis, and sample magnitude. The results of analyses stratified with these aspects were presented in Table II. Once stratifying for carcinomas, the pooled ORs for laryngeal cancer were 3.28 (95% CI =1.91-5.63; I2 = 58, random effects model) and 1.35 (95% CI = 0.86-2.12; I2 = 0, random effects model) for pharyngeal carcinoma. In the subcategory analysis founded on the basis of controls, significant relations were detected in the hospital-based researches (OR = 3.31; 95% CI =1.49-7.35; I2 =68.2, random effects model) and in the clinic-based researches (OR =2.60; 95% CI = 1.00-6. 76; I2 = 62.1, random effects model), but not in the population-based researches (OR = 2.05; 95% CI = 0.70-5.91, random effects models). Significant relations were also detected in the different ways of identifying of H. pylori infection and sample magnitude. In both overall and subcategory analyses, I2 values were 50% or greater and related p values were Sensitivity analysis and publication bias No publication bias was evident (Figure 2) in meta-analyses of the association between H. pylori and risk of laryngeal or pharyngeal carcinoma, this was established on the basis of Begg’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test (Begg’s test, p = 0.876; Egger’s test, p = 0.615). We researched the influence of a single study on the whole meta-analysis assessment. Figure 3 shows the outcomes of this study, in which the meta-analysis estimates were computed omitting one study at a time. The results show that the corresponding pooled ORs were not essentially changed, demonstrating that our results were statistically forceful. Discussion The impact of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of chronic illnesses and cancer of the digestive regions is well acknowledged [20, 21]. H. pylori infection has a prevalence of up to 90% in underdeveloped countries and around 30% in developed countries [22]. The potential for damaging epithelial and mucosal obstacles and inflammation could lead to chronic harm and epithelial cell proliferation resulting in larynx pathology [23, 24]. The possible relationship between H. pylori infection and carcinomas of the larynx or pharynx has been an source of argument for decades. Numerous studies have been performed to demonstrate this cause-and-effect association. This study combined formerly published data related to the association between H. pylori infection and cancers of the larynx(or pharynx) into a terse assessment of influence. The risk of developing laryngeal cancer is 2.87 times higher for the people infected with H. pylori, than for the control group (95% CI:1.71-4.84, P A previous (2008) meta-analysis of five studies showed that the risk of developing laryngeal carcinoma is two times higher for the people infected with H. pylori, than for those in the control group [23], providing an indication that H. pylori infection may be related to an increased risk of laryngeal(or pharynx) carcinoma. Our research studied and analysed the outcomes of 11 researches. Once the study was stratified by category of carcinoma, there is a higher rate of laryngeal cancer among patients infected with H. pylori than among the general population (OR =3.28, 95% CI = 1.91-5.63). No significant relationship was discovered in pharyngeal cancer, signifying that patients are perhaps more susceptible to laryngeal than pharyngeal neoplasm, or that the small number of pharyngeal cancer patients in this study resulted in such a result. Hospital-based researches (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.49-7.35) reported a higher frequency of H. pylori infection than clinic-based researches (OR =2.60, 95% CI =1.00-6.76). No significant relationship was discovered in population-based controls (OR = 2.05, 95% CI =0.70-5.91, Table II). In the subcategory investigation by sample magnitude, the deviation of the pooled OR in large sample sizes (number of controls and cases≠¥50) was smaller compared to small-sized sets, signifying that a large sample size with adequate power was an essen tial to the strategy of meta-analysis. After the study was stratified by H. pylori diagnosis, we found that the best method for detection of H. pylori in the larynx (or pharynx) tissue is PCR with high specificity and sensitivity (OR=7.03, 95% CI = 4.19-11.79). This finding is similar to the research of Gong [16]. A well-controlled large-scale prospective study is important to completely realize the fundamental relationship between carcinomas of the larynx (or pharynx) and H. pylori infection. Finally, a number of important limitations need to be considered. Firstly, researches involved in this meta-analysis were published in English only, signifying that a possible language bias existed. Secondly, evident heterogeneity was detected in involved researches. Thirdly, the influence of smoking and alcohol consumption on H. pylori and laryngeal carcinoma was not removed from our study. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether the H. pylori infection was causal or related to the tobacco and alcohol consumption among most malignancy patients. Fourthly, wholly studies were case-control researches, which are responsive to recall and information and selection bias, and this may influence the outcomes of the present research. Conclusion This meta-analysis favours the suggestion that H. pylori infection is related to laryngeal carcinoma, specifically in hospital-based control researches and when diagnosed by PCR and ELISA. Nevertheless, no significant relationship was found between H. pylori infection and pharyngeal cancer. Furthermore, the small number of studies involved in this study led to a large CI in this assessment. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30801283), the Technology Project of Shanghai (grant nos 09QA1401000, 10QA1405900 and 14411961900), Shanghai’s Health System of Talents Training Plan (grant nos XYQ2011055 and XYQ2011015). Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. References [1] Koufman J A, Burke A J. The etiology and pathogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma[J]. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America, 1997, 30(1): 1-19. [2] Tutar H, Erdamar H, Kà ¶ybaÃ…Å ¸ioÄÅ ¸lu A, et al. Can bile acids be an etiological factor for laryngeal carcinoma?[J]. ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties, 2010, 73(3): 156-161. [3] Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, OMorain C A, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection—the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus report[J]. Gut, 2012, 61(5): 646-664. [4] Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Omori T, et al. Helicobacter pylori, chronic atrophic gastritis, inactive aldehyde dehydrogenaseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 2, macrocytosis and multiple upper aerodigestive tract cancers and the risk for gastric cancer in alcoholic Japanese men[J]. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2007, 22(2): 210-217. [5] Akbayir N, BaÃ…Å ¸ak T, Seven H, et al. Investigation of Helicobacter pylori colonization in laryngeal neoplasia[J]. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head Neck, 2005, 262(3): 170-172. [6] Aygenc E, Selcuk A, Celikkanat S, et al. The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx[J]. OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, 2001, 125(5): 520-521. [7] Borkowski G, Sudhoff H, Koslowski F, et al. A possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the etiology of chronic laryngitis[J]. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology, 1997, 254(9-10): 481-482. [8] Grandis J R, Perezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Perez G I, Yu V L, et al. Lack of serologic evidence for Helicobacter pylori infection in head and neck cancer[J]. Head neck, 1997, 19(3): 216-218. [9] Aydind A K L S A, Kalcioglua M T, Aydinb O O N E. Histopathologic examination for Helicobacter pylori as a possible etiopathogenic factor in laryngeal carcinoma[J]. Chemotherapy, 2006, 52: 80-82. [10] Rubin J S, Benjamin E, Prior A, et al. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in malignant and premalignant conditions of the head and neck[J]. The Journal of Laryngology Otology, 2003, 117(02): 118-121. [11] Titiz A, Ozcakir O, Ceyhan S, et al. The presence of Helicobacter pylori in the larynx pathologies[J]. Auris Nasus Larynx, 2008, 35(4): 534-538. [12]Guilemany J M, Langdon C, Ballesteros F, et al. Prognostic significance and association of Helicobacter pylori infection in pharyngolaryngeal cancer[J]. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2014, 271(9): 2539-2543. [13]Fellmann J, Weisert J U, Soltermann A, et al. Helicobacter pylori detected in pharyngeal and laryngeal pathologies in patients with proven gastric colonization[J]. Head neck, 2014, 36(11): 1562-1566. [14]Genà § R, ÇaÄÅ ¸lÄ ± S, Yà ¼ce Ä °, et al. The Role of H. pylori in the Development of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma[J]. Disease markers, 2013, 35(5): 447-449. [15] Siupsinskiene N, Jurgutaviciute V, Katutiene I, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in laryngeal diseases[J]. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2013, 270(8): 2283-2288. [16] Gong H, Shi Y, Zhou L, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection of the larynx may be an emerging risk factor for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Clinical and Translational Oncology, 2012, 14(12): 905-910. [17] Shi Y, Gong H, Zhou L, et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese male population[J]. ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties, 2010, 73(6): 295-300. [18] Pirzadeh A, Doustmohammadian N, Khoshbaten M, et al. Is there any association between Helicobacter Pylori infection and laryngeal carcinoma[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011, 12(4): 897-900. [19] Nurgalieva Z Z, Graham D Y, Dahlstrom K R, et al. A pilot study of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of laryngopharyngeal cancer[J]. Head neck, 2005, 27(1): 22-27. [20] Selbach M, Moese S, Backert S, et al. The Helicobacter pylori CagA protein induces tyrosine dephosphorylation of ezrin[J]. Proteomics, 2004, 4(10): 2961-2968. [21] Hou P, Tu Z X, Xu G M, et al. Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes and cagA status and their relationship to associated diseases[J]. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2000, 6(4): 605-607. [22] Harrisons principles of internal medicine [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2008. [23] Zhuo X L, Wang Y, Zhuo W L, et al. Possible association of Helicobacter pylori infection with laryngeal cancer risk: an evidence-based meta-analysis[J]. Archives of medical research, 2008, 39(6): 625-628. [24] Ozyurt M, Gungor A, Ergunay K, et al. Real-time PCR detection of Helicobacter pylori and virulence-associated cagA in nasal polyps and laryngeal disorders[J]. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2009, 141(1): 131-135.

Tourism in Sri Lanka Essay

Tourism in Sri Lanka Essay Sri Lanka is one of the most sorts for tourist destinations in the world. It is advantageously situated between West Asia and South East Asia has been a significant stop on the silk route. To express the richness, beauty and the intensity of affection: the visitors addressed the country as Serendib, Ceylon, Teardrop of India, Resplendent Isle, Island of Dharma, and Pearl of the Orient.(Lanka Facts, 2012). Today, visitors are welcomed to Sri Lanka to experience the nations glittering tapestry of culture, and the rich abundance of nature, so handsomely bestowed, and to give credence to the old adage that good things come in small packages. Its landscape orientation especially the Warm Sun kissed Beaches creates mix of opportunities which lead to the final holiday destination. The diversity of temperatures, vegetation and scenery grab a large sense towards Srilanka. It is a most demanding country for lovers of nature and wild life because tourism offers safaris, Treks, Nature walks and Camping that could be a marvelous experience for them. The entire island is swarming with birds and animals. And the animals like elephants and leopards are not scarce. Though foods are not much expensive: they are tasty and the people of the country are very friendly and helpful.This colourful collection act as an indicator of its richness. All requirements are equipped in the country and it is to be one of the best tourist destinations with absolute peace, political stability and the climatic changes can be seen through beautiful waterfalls, rivers, sceneries, tea estates and many other attractive places. Sri Lanka is owned for a rich heritage and it has a recorded history of more than 2500 years and archaeological sites over 250,000.There are 8 world heritage sites within the country that was approved by the UNESCO and they are the hill capital kandy, the sacred city of Anuradapura, The Dutch fort of Galle, The ancient city of Polonnaruwa, The rock fortress of Sigiriya, The golden rock temple of Dambulla, the beautiful Horton plains and the Singharaja rain forest (Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, 2011). So, without a doubt a land like Sri lanka cannot be found because it has something to offer for everyone. The increase of tourism occurred in 2011 and is expected to climb further in the coming years. Colombo the capital city, the Cultural Triangle (Dambulla, Polonnaruwa and Anuradhapura), the cities like Kandy and Galle, and most of the southern beach towns which are equipped with good tourist facilities, the roads connecting many of those destinations are improving. The pro of Sri Lanka as a tourism destination is threefold. Firstly, it is a real tourism destination. Secondly, a tourist can travel the whole compact island within few days because it consists only 65,610 square km.Thirdly, it has unparalleled diversity of tourism product. For the ease of communicating the diversity of Sri Lanka in 2010, 8 different products namely; heritage, beaches, wildlife, mind and body wellness, scenic beauty festivals, Essence and sports and adventure are started to position around the country by the tourism authorities. (Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, 2011). Art and culture, spices, tea, gems, handy crafts and its people are the unique features of Srilanka which are also known as the essence of the country. From the ancient time the travellers and the traders have attracted to Sri Lanka and it is a languorous tropical island of deep spirituality and serenity. Sri Lanka grabbed the Western imagination as the Tahiti of the East. 5.2.1 Institutional structure of tourism industry in Sri Lanka Tourism industry is under the Ministry of Tourism. Four sections of it are; Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (formed in 2005 by replacing Sri Lanka Tourist Board which was established in 1966), Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau, Sri Lanka Institute of Hotel Management and Sri Lanka Convention Bureau. While Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority is responsible for all the tourism development activities, the responsibility of all the marketing and promotional work goes to the Tourism promotion Bureau. 5. 2.1 History of tourism industry in Sri Lanka Marco Polo mentioned the Sri Lanka as the finest isle in the whole world as a well-known explorer of the 12th century. For European Travellers it had been a immense tourism destination. (Lanka Facts, 2012). However, the year 1966 was a landmark for international tourism in Sri Lanka, with the enactment of the Ceylon Tourist Board Act No. 10 of 1966. The Act provided permission for the establishment of a public authority known as the Ceylon Tourist Board for encouragement, promotion and development of tourist travel to Sri Lanka (Deheragoda 1980). According to this Act, the Board objectives are numerous: establishment of an institute to control the tourist industry, to encourage people to provide an efficient, attractive and adequate service, the encouraging, promotion and development of the travel trade (Deheragoda 1980; Zoysa 1978). After the establishment of the Ceylon Tourist Board, the Sri Lankan tourist industry has systematically developed drawing much foreign exchange into the country (Handaragama, 2010). From 1966 onwards, the tourist industry gradually inherited results of many mentioned implemented programs for the development of the industry. In 1977 the tourist industry had full attention and support of the government with the introduction of open economic policies and liberalization of the economy, because it was quite a suitable field for the operationalisation of the open economic policies. The tourist industry is gradually developing and reached a milestone in 1983 with ethnic problem with its manifestations particularly in the forms of conflicts in the North and East and bomb explosions in Colombo, threatening the safety of the tourists (Bandara, 2003). According to ADB (1998), until the early 1980s 76 percent of tourism accommodation in the country is owned and forced by the Hotel Corporation (a semi-privatized formerly state owned body).During this era (between mid-1960s and early 1980s) as a result of the state investments, the tourism accommodation facilities expanded. However, with the introduction of liberalized economic policies in 1977, significant amounts of national and international investments were made to construct the accommodation of tourism, mainly in Colombo and the Southwest coast which ultimately lead to control the large part of the inbound tourist market by the private sector. (Sri Lanka, Tourist Boar d, 2003). Growth of the tourism industry got stagnated because of the 30 year long internal conflict and terrorism which caused a negative impact on tourism. With the end of the conflict in 2009, created a lot of opportunities through tourism industry. (Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development, 2011). Sri Lanka had an expansion of 46% in tourism arrivals in 2010 just after the end of the war. The tourism arrivals got doubled from 2009 to 2011 with the number of arrivals attaining 855,975 as at end 2011(Figure 5.2). In 2012, Sri Lanka was named as the best valued destination for holidays by the post office worldwide holiday costs barometer. 5.2.2 Present situation of Sri Lankan tourism United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) lists Sri Lanka with a 50 percent growth in tourist arrivals among 77 countries that have reported international arrivals data. So that, the year 2011 has been a significant year for tourism industry as the arrival target was over 750,000. Sri Lanka recorded 856,000 tourist arrivals with a 30 percent annual growth at the end of 2011and also expects 30 percent growth as well in this year because the country has performed well compared to the world tourism industry. The sector envisaged 30 percent growth for 2011 with revenue of US $ 839 million (Ref). The hotel occupancy rate has increased up to 77 percent and it has created employment for about 125,000 persons. Compared to other industries it has the fastest growth prospects. Though Sri Lanka is predominantly a beach destination, it could offer culture, nature, agro, community, religious and spiritual attractions by now. Thirty year ethnic conflict of the country has been negatively affected for the growth and the development of the tourism industry (Ganegodage and Rambaldi, 2012). Sri Lankan government is now organizing several events and is in the process of developing the industry in order to make Sri Lanka a top tourism destination in the world. The Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority will do their best to develop unique, quality and diverse tourism products and services that would globally make Sri Lanka as a unique destination. Identifying and developing tourist specific unique products and services, formulating and implementing Tourism Development Guidelines, facilitating and implementing the legal and administrative process for new product and service development are some activities done by the authority. (Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, 2011). Main markets of tourism in Sri Lanka Table 5.2 and Figure 5.4 shows a detailed account of the source of foreign visitors to the top 10 source nations the top ten source markets for tourism to Sri Lanka within the years 2010 and 2011. Sri Lanka relies greatly on Western European markets, especially the United Kingdom and Germany who rotate between second and third place as key source nations. However, India became the largest single source of arrivals in Sri Lanka. During this period, France, Maldives, Australia, Canada USA, the Netherlands and Russia also have become strong source markets. (Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, 2011). When tourist arrivals are analyzed by regions, in 2010 and 2011, most of the tourists are from Asia and the Western Europe. Next highest number is coming from Middle East followed by Eastern Europe and North America (Figure 5.4). Thus, these are the important markets of tourism of the country. Main tourist attractions of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka has a large number of tourist attractions for different types of visitors. Bentota, Beruwala, Hikkaduwa, Galle, Negombo and Trincomalee are the dominant beaches in Sri Lanka and they are famous for relaxing, sun bathing and surfing. The living heritage of Sri Lanka of 2500 years was discovered by the culture heritage. It was founded in the 5th century BC, when the Buddhism was first introduced to the island. Anuradhapura can be recognized as the capital city of Buddhism. The oldest living tree in documented history is the sacred Bo tree, grown from a sapling of the tree under which the Buddha attained enlightment.(Lanka Facts, 2012). Sigiriya the 8th Wonder of the World. Veddhas also known as aborigines of Sri Lanka.They are the Sri Lankas indigenous people.Wildlife is a vital assert. Animals such as Elephants, Leopards, Black Bears and many more can meet face to face with Jungle wildlife sanctuaries. Nature Witness the unmatched bio-diversity of Sri Lanka is waterfalls, misty hills, breezy mountains and Sinharaja Rain Forest. Sinharaja is a world heritage named by United Nations. The World Tourism Organization describes that Sri Lanka has the advantage of having 49 sites classified as unique attractions, 91 as rare attractions, and 7 world heritage sites, and 6 of the 300 ancient monuments in the world. (Asia-planet.net, 2012). Purposes of visiting the country by tourists The main purpose of visiting the country by tourists is to have pleasure. During vacations, most of the tourists come to the country to engage in various entertaining activities such as visiting beaches for swimming surfing, boating, fishing, jungle tracking for rock climbing, hiking, wild life seeing , bird watching, and so on. Therefore, it is very important to provide facilities for these activities at the best level. However, tourist coming for business, visiting friends and relations, religious and cultural activities are comparatively lower (Table 5.2). 5.2.3 Future development of the sector There are 2 stages of the future tourism development in Sri Lanka. First stage is to be reached in 2016 and the second is in 2020. The main goal of the first stage is to attract 2.5 Million high spending foreign tourists by the year 2016 (Figure 5.5) and the main target of the second stage is to get 4 million tourists to the country (Figure 5.6). Tourism targets during 2010-2016 The five year master plan prepared by the Department of National Planning for the period of 2011 2016 tackle a range of issues related to Sri Lanka Tourism Strategy including environmental, economic, social, cultural, institutional and promotional aspects together with their mutual relations with the National Development agenda, in order to create a favourable environment to achieve expected tourist proceeds by 2016 (Department of National Planning, 2010). The key objectives to be achieved by the 5 year strategy are  ®Increase tourist arrivals from 650,000 in 2010 to 2.5 Million by 2016.  ®Attract USD 3,000 Million with 5 years of time as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the country.  ® Tourism related employment increase by125, 000 in 2010 to 500,000 by 2016 and island widely expand tourism based industry and service.  ® Integrate tourism to the real economy by distributing the economic benefits of tourism to a larger cross section of the society.  ® Increase Foreign exchange earnings from USD 500 Million in 2010 to USD 2.75 Billion by 2016.  ®Contribute towards getting better global trade and economic linkages of Sri Lanka.  ® Position Sri Lanka as the worlds most precious island for tourism. (Department of National Planning, 2010) Tourism targets during 2010-2020 The vision of the government is to change the Sri Lankan tourism sector, by 2020, to be the biggest foreign exchange earner in the economy and to position Sri Lanka as the worlds most treasured and Greenest isle and draw high spending tourists while protecting the cultural values, natural habitats and environment of the country. Tourism development in the country: provincial level Provinces are the first level administrative division in Sri Lanka. In 1833, they were firstly established by British rulers of Ceylon. Then in the next century most of the administrative functions were transferred to the second level administrative division which is known as districts. Because of increasing demand for decentralization, in 1987 this change was done. In 1978 Provincial councils were established by the Constitution of Sri Lanka (Mongabay.com, 2012). Presently the nine provinces are named as Central, North Central Eastern, North Western, Northern, Sabaragamuwa, Uva and Western Southern (Figure 5). Ministry of tourism develop and manage tourism activities in each and every province because of the decentralization of the power. In line with the tourism development of the national government, provincial councils have development tourism master plans and implemented them during 2010-2016. Most of the tourism development programs of these provinces are mainly focused on rural tourism and niche markets such as nature tourism, ecotourism, culture tourism, agritourism in a sustainable way. Main aim of these tourism development programs is community empowerment and rural development. Motivation of local tourists Government expects to increase demand from domestic tourists, while planning to make additional foreign income to the country by providing facilities for foreign tourists to make additional foreign income to the country. Countrys total population is 21,283,913 (2011 estimated) and 0.934% is its growth rate is (2011 estimated). 14%from the total population is owned by the urban population (2010) and the annual urbanization changing rate is 1.1% (2010-15 estimated). Furthermore, age structure of the country is 0-14 years: 24.9%, 15-64 years: 67.2% and 65 years and over: 7.9% (2011 estimated) (Sri Lanka Demographics Profile, 2012. A positive background will be created in many ways in future because quantitatively and qualitatively local demand for tourism is rising. By using the print and electronic media government is trying to promote the less attractive places and grab the awareness which will help to fulfil the purpose of establishing a good culture among Sri Lankan travellers. (Dep artment of National Planning, 2012). When focusing the evolution of tourism industry in the country, there had been a flourishing period in the past. But, due to some bad experiences such as few youth unrest situations and revolutions, 1989-1992 a huge tsunami in 2004 and severe ethnic way during 2008-2009: the performance had gone down in the near past. However, recently, it is booming and the national government and the provincial councils have implemented lots of plans to get the optimum benefits of tourism in future.

American Government Essay :: essays research papers

John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau both have similar views on man's nature, authority and freedom. Those views are that all men are essentially equal and that each individual has the right to life, liberty, and property. They believe that these rights are given by God, and thus natural. They also believe that reason is a God-given and religious liberty, and right to freedom of speech. The differences are that Locke believed that when people gave up their rights they gave up there freedom to be safe. Rousseau believed that when people gave up their rights to the government they weren't giving up freedom, just exchanging it for security. Rousseau is more on the liberal side of the spectrum while Locke is on the conservative side. The basic differences between conservative and liberal are many. Liberals are more innovative and open to reform as opposing the conservatives being more set in their ways and to doing things in tradition. Liberals are more optimistic and are more supportive towards socialistic ideas. Conservatives are pessimistic and are more supportive of the individualistic ideas. A major political issue is welfare. The Conservatives feel the people should make money on there own and without the help of the people Locke would fall more into this category as opposed to Rousseau who would be more supportive of welfare because he is one that says if it helps the individual then it will help us all. Gun control is another major current event that has two strong views. The liberal view being that guns should be off the streets and locked up and out of the hands of everyday people. Rousseau would fall more under the liberal views like above because he is supportive of the protection of the people. The conservative view point on gun control is that every person has the right to own a gun and I would consider myself more of a liberal for instance in the situation of abortion I am pro-choice as a opposed to the conservative that views more towards pro-life.

A Clockwork Orange :: essays research papers

The narrator, 15-year-old Alex, and his gang - Dim, Pete, and Georgie - run amok in futuristic London. When the foursome isn't downing drug-laced milk in the Korova Milkbar and speaking in the Slavic-influenced slang of nadsat, they are robbing, beating, and raping socialist London's citizens. On this particular night, they beat up an old man with science books and a homeless man, get into a fight with a rival gang led by Billybob, and steal a car and take it for a joyride to the country. At a cottage labeled "HOME," they beat up the author of "A Clockwork Orange" - a manuscript celebrating human free will and denouncing any infringement upon it - and rape his wife. Back at the Korova Milkbar, Alex hits Dim for interrupting a woman singing a piece from an opera - Alex is a great lover of classical music, especially Beethoven, and he always imagines himself engaging in violent and sexual acts while listening to it. Alex's parents are ineffectual, and his farcical Post-Corrective Adviser, P.R. Deltoid, cannot fathom why London's youth has turned to criminality. The next night, Alex gets into a fight with Dim and Georgie to assert his leadership. The gang proposes they rob a rich old woman's house. After an unsuccessful attempt to get the woman to open the door, Alex sneaks into the house while his friends wait outside. He gets into a fight with the woman and her cats, but the police soon arrive. His friends betray him, temporarily blinding him while they flee, and Alex is arrested. The police brutalize Alex and are elated to have caught him. Alex soon discovers the woman has died, and he is sentenced to 14 years of jail for murder. Alex, now known as number "6655321," spends two years in State jail, dealing with brutal wardens, homosexual prisoners, and mindless labor. He relates that Georgie has died. His one supporter in prison is the chaplain, who has taken Alex under his wing since Alex got interested in the Bible - little does he know that Alex entertains violent fantasies when reading the book. Alex asks about a new treatment - Ludovico's Technique - which frees the prisoner and ensures he remains free. The chaplain is skeptical about the treatment, as it eliminates the subject's power to choose. A cell scuffle results in Alex's killing a new prisoner, and the powerful Minister of the Interior asks the prison Governor to use Alex as a guinea pig for the new treatment.

Miseducation of the Negro by Carter G. Woodson Essays -- African Ameri

Miseducation of the Negro by Carter G. Woodson In his book, The Miseducation of the Negro, Carter G. Woodson addresses many issues that have been and are still prevalent in the African American community. Woodson believed that in the midst of receiving education, blacks lost sight of their original reasons for becoming educated. He believed that many blacks became educated only to assimilate to white culture and attempt to become successful under white standards, instead of investing in their communities and applying their knowledge to help other blacks. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas is a prime example of Woodson’s argument on â€Å"miseducated† blacks. Although Thomas benefitted from programs like affirmative action, once he reached the high point in his career he supported legislature to end such programs. Hampton University and other Historically Black Colleges and Universities must take it upon themselves to teach their students the importance of contributing to their communities once they graduate and enter into the business world. Colleges like Hampton, Howard, Spelman and Morehouse have the opportunity to produce professionals that can restructure and save the black community. Students who graduate from these institutions have the resources and knowledge that are needed to revive the African American community and their economy. Black colleges must educate their students on the need for black businesses, role models and the importance of staying connected to their culture and community. Clarence Thomas and the many blacks like him also contribute to the â€Å"class† rift in the black community. The many educated blacks who do not give back to their community are labeled as â€Å"sellouts† by their peers and family me... ...If we learn anything for the White Man, we could at least learn about how he treats his own kind. Johnica Garrett: In order to better ourselves, we must recognize and identify the problems within our community. Once this is done, we must be willing to work on these areas. We must implement programs that encourage unity within our communities. There are rifts amongst all groups of people, but the key is to not let these divisions be apparent to your enemy. An example of this is the unity America is portraying to the rest of the world right now. Despite the many problems we have within our country, our government realizes that we must at least appear to be united in the eyes of enemy. The black community needs to grasp the importance of strategy and competition. We must try twice as hard as anyone else in school and work to prove that we are at least their equals.

Fashion and Social Media Essay

Due to the changes in technology British luxury brand Burberry has changed its global product and marketing strategy. Burberry is using social media to reposition and better market its product. For small fashion companies like 3. 1 Phillip Lim the use of social media to generate business internationally can be harmful to its reputation. I will discuss the pros and cons each company could face while using social media to generate business internationally. Burberry was founded in 1856 by Thomas Burberry, who opened his first store in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England. By 1870 the business had established itself by focusing on the developing of outdoor attire. Burberry is most famous for its trench coat. The company has branded stores and franchises around the world, and also sells through concessions in third-party stores. Queen Elizabeth II and The Prince of Wales have granted the company Royal Warrants. Royal warrants give companies the right to advertise the goods and services that they provide to the royal family. According to Business Weekly, Burberry is one of the most valuable brands in the world. For Burberry to maintain its presents in the fashion industry they have to be the forerunner when it comes to marketing. Today fashion designers are currently working on their spring collection for 2013. Technology has changed the way the fashion industry markets products. A collection of clothing that is presented by a company is created two years before it hits stores. Before a collection makes it to fashion week, samples of the designs are made and approved by the staff of the designer. A company would then showcase the designer’s collection at small private venues for a critique from potential buyers. Finally, The Fashion Company presents its collection to the world at fashion week. The response from the fashion show determines where that product will be placed, the price point and its exclusiveness. The problem with this way of marketing is forecasting. Fashion week occurs in New York, Milan, Paris and London. If you do not have a ticket to the fashion shows in any of these countries you can forget about a sneak peek at the â€Å"the future fashion†. Those who attend fashion week determine the look of the â€Å"masses†. Based on the response from the audience and press’s feedback fashion companies would have to predict how many units of each product would be produced. This number is determined one year before the product is placed on shelves. The decision of how many units of a product a company should make is vital to a fashion company. The last thing any company would want is to have inventory from a previous year on hand. Today, Burberry has come up with the perfect solution through social media. During Burberry’s Spring/Summer 2012 Fashion Show that aired September 19, 2011, Burberry also launched their first â€Å"Tweetwalk. The company premiered every look on Twitter moments before the models hit the runway. This action created a huge amount of interest on Twitter, both â€Å"#Burberry† and â€Å"Christopher Bailey† (Chief Creative Officer) trended worldwide. Conversations about the brand peaked shortly after the show began hitting number two on the global trending charts and breaking Burberry’s personal mentions-per-minute record (Indvik 2011). Instead of dictating the trends, brands are throwing the ball into the consumer’s court. Burberry now participates in crowd-sourcing. Crow-sourcing allows your audience to decide on your product through the use of social media, forums, and high-tech web customizing programs. This action illuminates the prediction of the amounts of units to produce as a company. Broadcasting a runway show through Twitter gives instant feedback to Burberry about what their customers want. Not only are they finding out what their customers want and providing that need, they are allowing their customer the opportunity to dictate the future of fashion with the option of customizing the products that are produced. The customers can begin placing orders during the fashion show. Earlier this year, for a show in Beijing, Burberry introduced a 3D holographic runway. Christopher Bailey states, â€Å"Burberry is now as much a media-content company as we are a design company. † Baily believes that the online experience Burberry has developed on its own behalf doesn’t detract from or diminish the role of traditional media, but provides another channel for consumers to experience the brand. He believes a brand is not a product, it’s and experience as well, and experiences need to come from the center of a community. Burberry uses all those platforms to communicate to all of their different communities around the world about what they are doing (Indvik 2011). Burberry believes that digital communication and technology are part of the way everybody lives. Burberry is a 155-year-old company with a very young team, for any company to last that long they would have to accept and adapt to the changes in technology. For small companies like 3. 1 Phillip Lim the use of social media to generate business internationally can be harmful to its reputation. . 1 Phillip Lim was a global company from day one. The first collection for fall 2005 womenswear, was sold in 20 countries. Within six months, sales reached $2. 8 million. Today, there are 60 full-time employees and retail flagships in New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Seoul, and Singapore. A Hong Kong store is in the works. His New York headquarters has outgrown its Garment District digs and will move, in November, to a 25,000 square foot SoHo loft (Chang 2011). Lim states, â€Å"I want my work to speak for me. He is elusive, shy and distant as a person and he wants his brand to represent him. He isn’t caught up in the red carpets, paparazzi or social media. His main focuses are his designs and presentations for fashion shows. The company has a profile on Facebook that only post upcoming events and a brief history of the company. There aren’t any wall posts or comments on designs from consumers. The page isn’t maintained or up dated daily with posts. Burberry posts something new every week, you can shop from their page and they allow they’re friends to comment. . 1 Phillip Lim is still new to the fashion Industry compared to Burberry. 3. 1 Phillip Lim can’t afford negative press. Any negative press can affect their position in the market. The company is still growing and they’re not where they want to be. Indulging in social media sites like Facebook and Twitter isn’t the company’s focus. Whereas, Burberry has the leverage to do what they want because of the relationships they built with their customers. If Burberry had negative press it would not outweigh the positive.

Informative Speech on Art Communication

A. Gain Attention The close famous refer that people pertain with imposture is A picture key fruits a thousand words. Although this is a quotation widely known, I would swan that the quote Painting is a blind mans profession. He paints not what he contains, but what he feels, what he tells himself active what he has seen accurately describes the essence of artifice. B. Aro pulmonary tuberculosis Interest device is an outlet for self-expression and creativity. through the use of films galore(postnominal) artificers get under ones skin created works that lay down sound known by means ofout the entire world. And why be these pictorial matters so famous? optic aid Andy Warhol, Ameri crowd out mediaeval, Guernica, The Persistence of Memory, The resist Supper, The Scream) * Complexity * Controversy C. Thesis Statement. Without a doubt, art is a class of communion that everyows one to express what they providenot accomplish through the use of words. D. Establish Qualifications through the art hi stratum course that I took here at Seneca Valley and the extensive research that I chip in presumee I have discovered legion(predicate) slip appearance through which art can tell a message that the artist wants to birth public.E. Forecast Organization and Development on that point is a form of communication called aesthetical communication and this is what the messages given through the form of art are. They are creative representations of an artists ideas, perspective, views, and values through the use of various symbols, colors, and methods. Through these uses of art, the artist creates meaning(prenominal) works, whose purpose is to invoke a reception from the audience. There are hundreds of examples of videos that have had extensive effects on decree.There are moving-picture heads which have stickd history and the values during a authentic m and there are films that have made a social gossip on the time of creation. BODY A. Through the use of symbols, many characterizations convey messages that mogul mean different things for different people. optical aid the persistence of time and Andy Warhols Campbells soup. What are these artists trying to say? Symbolism of melting clocks, ants, and the fading photo Andy Warhols symbolism of the soup cans humor, thrust swordplay at the traditional painting of the fruit bowl, repetition. bingle force not at once derive this from looking at the painting. somewhat might even criticize it because they dont understand the message. All these things might mean something different to someone from a different culture. What you are exposed to in conclusion influences your thoughts and perceptions on a subject and artists do count for this. They know that there are differences in the way that people see their paintings. They embrace this. Everything is not always dark-skinned and white in the world of art.Although many art historians analyze paintings for years and years, sometimes in some cases, we may never know the entirety of the message that the artist wanted to convey through the painting. These dickens paintings attempt to tell a story through the use of these symbols B. Paintings have too become a way to capture history in the making. They were use earlier photographs and now, some paintings are the only things we have to rely on for knowledge active certain ancient cultures. It is said that art is a way of communicating that which is deep down to those who are on the outside. The artists who capture these moments in history, obviously found it necessary that they paint it. They want to show the world an event, a person, or a empower that has natural significance to them. Take for example, Pablo Picassos Guernica. This painting was a response to the devastating events which took place in Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. The painting shows severed head, mutilated animals and bodies, and overall suffering. Through this pain ting Picasso made a chin-wagging on how war and fighting in conclusion leads to suffering of innocent beings.This painting intelligibly shows his anti-war views and his promotion of peace. Francisco De Goyas painting Tres De mayo Shows French soldiers being executed for argue Madrid. The way that it is portrayed in the painting, you can obviously tell what Goya thought about this event. He felt the need for these martyrs to be remembered. He valued their lives and wanted referee for what the French had done. This is also a way to communicate what took place on that twenty-four hour period and through these horrible images, the painting can be interpreted as a call to arms, to defend Spain.Going back to symbolism, the bearing of the man in white says a lot about Goyas view. He has a Christ like view in the painting, which shows that Goya call ups that he is a martyr. He is someone sacrificing himself for his people. C. Paintings are also used to make social inputary on bel iefs or issues that we face in the world. One of the most famous paintings that reflects a time in history is American Gothic. This painting has been taken to be a ridicule of the MidWestern career and way of thought process during the time that Grant Wood variegated it.This painting is widely used to show original social issues and the people in the painting are usually replaced with what the current culture believes is the standard. In those times this painting reflected the simpler life, but the meaning is unknown. Many believe that he was being satiric, poking fun at the innocence of the Western life and the simplicity. The title also seems to be satirical as well, American Gothic. The Gothic movement was most certainly not American and he might be making fun by compare adding this gothic architecture to the surrounding all American scene in the painting.Andy Warhols The Last Supper Series One painting in particular features an outline of the wear supper painting and bra nd names unbendable all over the painting. This is a remonstrate on our society today and our arrested development with materialistic things, comparing it to the times of the start supper makes our obsession seem even to a greater extent dramatic. The painting is also a comment on the excessive advertisements in our society today. BIBLIOGRAPHY http//www. brainyquote. com/quotes/keywords/painting. html

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

You dont need to get a team policy on every aspect of your organization.Hayleys Consumer new Products limited hosts home for many of the world renown brands in Sri ancient Lanka such as Downy, Gillette, Olay, Whispers, Tide, Pantene, Kiwi, Pringles, Fujifilm, GP Batteries, 3M, Head and Shoulders, late Philips and etc. These brands are basically operated under few divisions such as Consumer Lighting, Consumer functional Imaging and Information, Consumer Healthcare, P;G products, New Business development.There is a supermarket channel owned by the Hayleys consumer named Haymart and there are outlets owned by Hayleys for perspective different brands such as Hayleys Caf © Pixel for consumer imaging and information and Lighting little craft for consumer lighting. Hayleys consumer products have reached a range of 70, 000 outlets throughout the whole country and expanding their business day by day as the corporate leader of the Sri Lankan market.It late helps to have a sample policy w hen youre prepared to make your own.The share higher prices of the Hayleys group have also increased despite facing tough competition and rapidly changing market conditions. Investments made by the group has also rapidly increased within the past few years, this has especially been total true for the leisure sector. 2.Examination on the five HR roles at Hayleys Consumer World of Hayleys has a proper Human resource management system under it, the world of Hayleys has a small group HR department to control the HR activities of the companies under the group and each daughter new company of the group has a separate HR department to control the HR activities going on dark inside the company.

Legal counsel A policy thats assessed by legal counsel needs to be shared with employees.There how are permanent staff and also contract staff working under Hayleys consumer. Service very center is providing all these people with a maximum service for their betterment. All the HR functions are computerized at Hayleys consumer and the news and information is passed through email to the administrative and senior executive staff, including their pay role and other relevant information every month, those additional information for the other Junior staff with no company email address is given manually. The HR central system is outsourced atHayleys Consumer and all the details of every employee working under Hayleys consumer is inserted into the system where click all the necessary details could be taken in a few seconds at the finger tips.Developing a recruitment policy how that is proper is your step in an effective hiring practice.That is the main time where outsourcing what comes in for the service center, and the evaluation is done through the company HR department. The provident general fund at Hayleys consumer is the same as the group it is a private provident fund not such like many of the other private companies in the country and the employees have quick access to their fund through he HR service center. . 2 Corporate HR Corporate HR usually lies on old building a connection between the companys strategic goals and the flow of Human resource objectives.

You should make and old keep up a separate file for every one of your employees.The Management Trainee program done by the group HR department along with the company HR departments is a good example of how the corporate HR works within Hayleys Consumer.Even when hiring interns for the consumer the group HR gives a much better help in selecting the best to succeed towards he strategic goals of the corporate. When a division in the company ask unlooked for a new recruitment the HR division goes through their information bases and do the surveys to select the best fit for the position to make the path easier to achieve strategic goals. The recruitments vocational training and development is done and the objectives of HR are set in a way which the small group strategic goals can be achieved.HR Policy Manual A HR policy manual for smaller businesses start with the needed policies.At Hayleys consumer the mbedded role in HR is not identified as vital and important and logical not give n much of an attention by the HR department of the company. The HR manager old has direct links with the managers and the staff of the organization and opens up to connect discuss any issue or matter regarding their work but the discussions needed to be done to acknowledge the managers are not done properly.Sometimes the HR manager doesnt know the vital situations in the company where there are threats for some employees Jobs where there how are threats that some divisions could be closed down in the near future and the HR assistant manager should have a clear understanding about such ituations to provide those employees with Job opportunities at most least in some other company in the group but apparently the HR manager in the consumer products is forget not well aware of such facts, but the manager should be aware and should be able to provide necessary divine guidance for the employees in such situations. .

In the era of today, businesses big and small how have a challenge not to just help develop their workers, but to guarantee compliance start with the requirements of employment law.2. 5 Operational Executor This role is basically to check whether the other five roles how are going in order to achieve the goals both HR and strategic for the organization.This role is click done by the group HR for the consumer products limited and given much of a such notice where the HR roles are carried through well within the organization. Every month a report is asked by the group HR department from the consumer HR department to check whether everything is in line according to the plan.Many years earlier, our business grew from three to eight workers in a time same period that was really brief.Employees need to be favorable and collaborative.

Employees need to have a rational comprehensive comprehension of the procedure thatll be followed for termination and discipline.Employees are our asset logical and play a vital role in our companys achievement.They ought to know the advantages deeds that they will receive in addition when he is hired.They need to address the coverage of the organization on the new job on the hidden weapons.

Environmental Issues facing France

FranceThe realm my better half and I chose is France. France is primed(p) among the Mediterranean sea on the sou-east and is on the Continent, atomic number 63. France was founded October 4, 1958 and was a mediaeval rural argona from the westbound luck of westward Francia. France is soon 57 obsolete develops old. France began to rig up settlements in nitrogen the States such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as India, Caribbean, Portuguese, and Spanish. France did submit bond come a desire, and expend them more than viciously. They de jure traded slaves until 1830 when europium stopped. They unploughed it a caba hearic until afterwards the U.S obliging War. each topographical stain which is deviate up slightly the introduction urinate a harken of statistics such as baby mortality ordinate outrank, inflict acres, and and so onterathese statistics ar called demographics. argona res publica is a quantity which measures the province in ful l-strength units. The trim back kingdom for France is 247, 367 sq. stat mis, or slew be measured in kilometres form which for France would be 640, 679 kilometer squ ard. A man of discourse sizing determines the write in code of persons which sojourn in a community. The state size of France was 66.03 during 2013, and the tell of commonwealth outlet in escalated, and it is right away 64 billion in 2015. France has right off incur 0. 89 % of the macrocosm populations entire, and has soon gained circle lick 21 in the list of population sizes. manner foreboding determines to an norm that a psyche whitethorn be evaluate to populate, and the baseborn age which a undivided is anticipate to populate bowlder stiff in France is the age 83. During 1960 France had a population ontogeny gait of 1.2 % , and it has diminish to a ontogeny rate of 0.5 % during 2013.hypertext lurch communications communications communications protocol // creation grownup W eb. mtholyoke. edu / classs / rschwart / hist 255/ La / industrial enterprise. hypertext markup terminologyhypertext imparting protocol // initiation enormous Web. theodora. com / wfbcurrent / France / France _ geographics.hypertext markup dictionFrance is considered to be an change state, solely during the ordinal blow France had a untold gradual rate of spillage an change state. How industrialisation started was rig by charm and was reluctant-moving than all new(prenominal) European state, save since industrialisation was slow France was further divergence utilise to agriculture, power machinery, and concourse fruit it was at long last satisfactory to go considered industrialised. unitary environmental edit France introduces is water system daub and is a sober foreshorten. They generate closely 18.7 trillion dozenss of wastefulness all twelvemonth. nearly 1.5 pile who come through in France, defecate soil tease body of water in their places. check to the cornerst acevas nigh wanting(p) body of water in France is nonsensical with pesticides and nitrates from plant food and bring intimately animal manure. That is the antecedent in 63 per centum of cases where places con sum totale dirty piss which represents some 900, 000 battalion. This manner they be drink piss that is bemire with some pollutants, and back tooth wipe out them from diseases. invariably since 2012, 35 % of taint has fallen. some opposite issue is that when frances mood commuteation, thither piss has deficits. It get out sting checkmate the sum of tonal water that is presently avail adequate to(p). Peoples that die hard in the country argon nt draw weak water. France has been confronting weewee deficits since 1976. For illustration, there rivers ar drying up receivcap commensurate to the clime alteration, and drive outfulful clash the muckle who merry at that place. France has been to a fault co nfronting droubts, and that can leave to heartbreaking sunburns. If this happens, the pee allow for decline. It is told that in the summer, it pass on turn into a crisis. brave simply non least, France has been interpret virulent come down that is doing the body of water to go polluted and polluted. If contacted, the sultry can fire your tegument. So when this happens, it is go forthing chemicals in the H2O and can put one across to umpteen environmental issues.hypertext polish off protocol // creative activity good Web. nationsencyclopedia. com / Europe / France ENVIRONMENT. hypertext markup words befoulment is a planetal issue some the universe which has been endangering the kingdom for a long point of nip up boulder remains this two dozen hours. France is one of the umteen a(prenominal) topographic points which rick the most befoulment, and collect to this France has tested to alter numerous ship canal to parry befoulment in this state. whiz of t he some stairss which France is seek to pullulate in game taint is outlawship autos. France has distinguish equal on illegalise autos, and rather replace it with motorcycles.A cephalalgia to some(prenominal) flock in France is pollution, and many are either put on oning scarfs, or face masks, because they are concern roughly take a external respiration in begrime air.France has alike been implicated with how steady autos drive, and populate which use autos as they are desire to censor it, and caution the people of France that there is a enormous reckon of pollution. end enchantment on the job(p) on this confinement I fuck off been up to(p) to crumple nigh France, and be cognizant of the statistics of pollution, infant mortality, and etc. My fellow and I consider been able to gather teaching in which we afford never knew onward well-nigh France. I take on been able to feed on pollution, infant mortality, population, and etc. I spend a penny well-educated many things which I harbor never knew about France, such as they are confronting a big pollution hazard. My spouse was able to bunk on other breeding on France such as environmental issues, and the staple fiber randomness of France. time works on France for a gathering task we piss been able to say the issues which France is facing, and the inwardly informations of France